Drugs And Behaviors Quiz #2 (Marijuana & Hallucinogens)

Front 1

What is the primary psychoactive chemical in Marijuana?

Back 1

THC

Front 2

Any other chemicals in Marijuana?

Back 2

60/400 which are psychoactive

Front 3

How is THC typically absorbed into the body?

Back 3

-smoked (3x more effective)
-vaporized
-orally (brownies)

Front 4

What type of receptors does THC bind to in the brain?

Back 4

Cannabinoid receptors and anandamide receptors

Front 5

How is THC metabolized? And what is unique about it?

Back 5

-The metabolism of THC is slow, 20-30% of THC stays in fatty tissue.
-excreted in the feces
-stays in urine for 4 days
chronic users fro 2-4 wks

Front 6

Is it easy to overdose and die on Marijuana? LSD?

Back 6

NO

Front 7

What are the different forms of marijuana? And their concentrations?

Back 7

-Hashish oil = 15-60%
-Hashish = 8-14%
-Ganja & Sinsemilla = 8-15%
-Bhang & Marijuana = 4-6%

Front 8

What is the amotivational syndrome?

Back 8

No longer refer to this syndrome, but chronic users show lack of motivation and apathy.

Front 9

What are some physical side effects associated w/ chronic marijuana use?

Back 9

-Cardiovascular
-pulmonary
-immunosupressant
-reduce testosterone & sperm foundation for males; does not affect fertility
-for females fertility is affected

Front 10

How does smoking marijuana compare to tobacco?

Back 10

Marijuana is far more worse than cigarettes.
has 4 times more tar and carbon dioxide.

Front 11

Why do some people consider marijuana to be a gateway drug? Why not?

Back 11

It sets the stage for future drug abuse. Little evidence shows that marijuana has itself something that makes you depended on something else.

Front 12

What is Salvia Divinorum?

Back 12

man made hybrid plant

Front 13

Does Salvia Divinorum affect the brain similar to marijuana or LSD?

Back 13

-Affect K-opioid receptors
-marijuana is cannaboid
-LSD is serotonin
and creates a trance like state

Front 14

Does the length of the Hallucinogen "trip" differ for the different Hallucinogenic Drugs we discussed in class?

Back 14

-LSD = 6-9 hrs
-DMT = about an hr
-Psilocybin (mushroom) = 2-5 hrs
-Peyote (mescaline)= 10 hrs
-MDMA (ecstacy) = 3-6 hrs

Front 15

Which hallucinogen drugs affect serotonin receptors?

Back 15

LSD, peyote (mescaline), DMT, mushrooms (psilocybin)

Front 16

Which hallucinogenic drugs are chemically most similar to serotonin?

Back 16

LSD, psilocybin, morning glory seeds, DMT

Front 17

Which hallucinogenic drugs are chemically most similar to norepinephrine?

Back 17

mescaline, ecstacy (MDMA) and MDA, DOM (STP)

Front 18

Which Hallucinogens discussed in class are naturally occurring?

Back 18

-Peyote (mescaline)
-mushrooms (psiclocybin)
-Salvia
-DMT

Front 19

Which hallucinogens discussed in class are human made?

Back 19

-LSD
-Ecstacy

Front 20

What is cross tolerance?

Back 20

tolerance from one drug causes tolerance to another

Front 21

What Hallucinogenic drug causes cross tolerance to which other drug?

Back 21

Mushrooms (psilocybin), LSD, peyote (mescaline)

Front 22

How was LSD 1st discovered? Who synthesized it?

Back 22

-Albert Hoffman wanted to synthesize lysergic acid that is found in Ergot to reduce childbirth bleeding.

Front 23

What are flashbacks and why might people who do LSD experience them?

Back 23

flashbacks= possibility of re experiencing the effects of drug long after the drug has worn off.

reasons: ability to produce some biochemical changes that remain dormant and reappear.

Front 24

Does tolerance occur to LSD?

Back 24

tolerance occurs w/in 3-4 days of consecutive use.

Front 25

What is Hallucination?

Back 25

perceiving something that is not there. ex small green man

Front 26

What is perceptual distortion?

Back 26

perceiving something that exists but is altered.

Front 27

Big toe feeling like it's going to vomit?

Back 27

perceptual distortion and impaired interpretation = LSD

Front 28

What is synesthesia?

Back 28

A neurological condition (occur naturally or drug induced) where senses blend.
ex: seeing colors fly out of slamming a door.

Front 29

What is the active chemical in psychedelic mushrooms? Compared to LSD?

Back 29

Psylocibin
Hallucinations are more visual, less emotionally intense, more euphoric; less potent; strong

Front 30

What is DMT? Taken? Long does it last?

Back 30

-DMT= dimethyltryptamine, a short acting hallucinogenic drug
-snuffed
-short duration, "business man LSD"
-30 mg of DMT, see psychological changes in 10 secs, peaks in 10-15 mins later, lasts about 15mins-1hr

Front 31

Which neurotransmitters are affected by MDMA?

Back 31

nor epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

Front 32

What chemical is often added to ecstasy?

Back 32

Dextromethorphan (DEX), common cough suppresent; inhibits sweating, hyperthermia, heart stroke.

Front 33

What changes in the brain are observed in chronic users of MDMA?

Back 33

Neuronal hyperthermia, Neurotoxicity ( known neuron killer), Serotonin depletion (50-80% damaged)

Front 34

What negative effects are caused by MDMA use?

Back 34

-Cognitive: attention, short term memory loss, depression..
-physical: hypertension, no appetite, hyperthermia, jaw punching

Front 35

What are some side effects people experience while taking ecstasy?

Back 35

-20 mins: heart rate will increase, mild hallucinations, hot and sweaty, dry mouth, empathy
-2 hrs: increased sensations, lose touch with reality, hightened sense of closeness, increased motor activity, increased sensitivity, moving slower, luminescence

Front 36

What is herbal ecstasy?

Back 36

All stimulants based on Caffeine and Ephedrine. Generally produce a stimulating effect (nothing like MDMA)

Front 37

How is peyote taken and what is the dosage?

Back 37

-Mescaline derived from peyote cactus it is the crowns of the cactus (buttons)
-consumed orally
-200 mg about 5 buttons

Front 38

What is the psychoactive chemical is found in peyote?

Back 38

Mescaline

Front 39

How is this Mescaline absorbed into the body?

Back 39

absorbed through the mucous membrane. gets to blood stream but not to the brain.

Front 40

How is mescaline metabolized and excreted from the body?

Back 40

Mescaline is metabolized and excreted as Mescaline STILL through the intestinal tract.

Front 41

How long does mescaline take to get an effect and how long is the trip?

Back 41

2-3 hrs to get the effect and 10 hrs on the trip

Front 42

For what uses were MDMA originally developed?

Back 42

Use of psychoactive medication to promote closeness and increased sensitivity (used for marriage counseling therapy)

Front 43

For what uses were PCP originally developed?

Back 43

as an anesthetic that blocks memory loss and pain reduction for use in surgery

Front 44

For what uses were Ketamine originally developed?

Back 44

developed to be used instead of PCP, primarily used in Vietnam for surgeries. Used now in vet hospitals. And for patients with burned faces.

Front 45

How is PCP very different from the other drugs?

Back 45

Works directly on glutamate receptors, blocking the NMDA receptor.
It can last 2 hrs

Front 46

the kid in cemetary, next day he says his brother and sees that his bro's face is melting off?

Back 46

PCP