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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total plasma osmolality = ?
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twice the osmolality of sodium
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Isotonic
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A red blood cell and plasma have the same osmotic pressure.
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hypertonic
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If the level of salt in the plasma is too high, the cell collapses.
crenation - water is drawn out of the cell. |
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hypotonic
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If the level of salt in the plasma is too low, the cell swells and ruptures.
hemolysis - water is drawn into the cell. |
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Isotonic fluids
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Normal Saline (NS)
Used to replace body fluids |
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hypertonic fluids
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More concentrated than plasma
Used to draw water from tissue |
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hypotonic fluids
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Less concentrated than plasma
Used to rehydrate tissue |
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Causes of Hypokalemia
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Treatment with loop or thaizide diuretics
Alkalosis Excessive insulin Vomiting, diarrhea, and laxative abuse |
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Treatment of Hypokalemia
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Potassium salts
Potassium phosphate Potassium chloride Potassium bicarbonate |
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How do you treat Hypokalemia
via IV? |
Dilute to 40meq/L
Infuse no faster than 10meq/hr in adults Monitor renal function Monitor serum lab values |
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Causes of Hyperkalemia
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Renal disease
Tissue trauma |
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Treatment of Hyperkalemia
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Withhold foods containing potassium
Calcium salt Glucose and insulin Sodium bicarbonate Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (exchange resisn) hemodialysis |
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Causes of Hypomagnesium
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Diarrhea, renal disease, chronic ETOH abuse, pancreatitis
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Treatment of Hypomagnesium
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Oral - Mag gluconate
IM or IV - Mag sulfate |
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Treatment of Hypermagnesium
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Calcium IV
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