Drugs Across Culture

Front 1

Zinberg's Theory of Drug Use

Back 1

The effect of a drug is due to three variables and their interaction: Drug, Set and Setting

Front 2

What is a drug (zinberg)?

Back 2

The pharmacological action of a substance itself

Front 3

What is set (zinberg)?

Back 3

The attitude of the person at time of use, including his or her personality structure, and what they expect the drug to do (Individual attitudes are significantly influenced by social values and social expectations).

Front 4

What is setting (zinberg)?

Back 4

The influence of the physcial and social setting in which use occurs. There are two dimensions: social sanctions and social rituals.

Front 5

Name the 5 basic categories of illicit drugs.

Back 5

Narcotics (relieve pain/induce euphoria/create physical dependency
Hypnotics (cause sleep, tranquilisers are similar but reduce anxiety w/o causing sleep)
Stimulants (excitement, increase in energy, create dependency)
Inebriants
Hallucinogens (changes in visual/auditory and other perceptions)

Front 6

Botanical name for cannabis? Active ingredient?

Back 6

Cannabis sativa and Cannabis Indica. Ingredient is Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol

Front 7

Main forms?

Back 7

1. Marijuana- (dried flowering tops and leave of harvested plant).
2. Sinsemilla marijuana (female plant; not fertilised)
3. Hashish: (dried cannabis resin and compressed flowers)
4. Hashish oil: (high potency substance extracted from hashish)
5. Hemp: (use for industrial purposes)

Front 8

Where did Cannabis originate?

Back 8

Central Asia

Front 9

How was it used?

Back 9

Ancient medical and religious in Chinese and Indian texts

Front 10

How was cannabis used in the West?

Back 10

Initially for practical purposes (ship sails and ropes and cloth)

Front 11

Who is credited with the introduction of medical use of cannabis?

Back 11

W.B. O'Shaughnessy

Front 12

Recreational use in the West?

Back 12

a. French Hashish Club (Baudelaire & Gautier, 1843)
b. Hashish bars in Europe and USA (second half of 19th century)

Front 13

Himmelstein

Back 13

Killer drug to Drop out drug

Front 14

Moral Entrepreneurs

Back 14

Moral crusaders who play a key role in drug legislation by influencing public images of a drug

Front 15

Social locus

Back 15

the social position of the drug users

Front 16

Symbolic politics

Back 16

drugs and drug prohibition as symbolic counters in wider social conflicts. (drugs as scapegoats)

Front 17

Ganja introduced by who and when in Jamaica?

Back 17

By indentured Indian labourers in 1830's and spread to black pop

Front 18

Ganja as scapegoat?

Back 18

Scapegoat for elite and middle-class anxieties about deviant behaviour of poor working class

Front 19

Rastafarianism

Back 19

Belief in the black messiah: emperor haile selassie. strict rules of conduct (no alch, cutting of hair, gambling)

Front 20

Symbolic politics of Rasta?

Back 20

Colonial authorities considered Rasta dissident movement and a threat to social stability

Front 21

Who founded the Rastas? What is the sacred herb?

Back 21

Marcus Garvey and cannabis or kaya

Front 22

Cannabis and inter-generational conflict (Himmelstein)

Back 22

1970s in US image of cannabis changes from drug of violence to drop out drug linked to amotivational syndrome

Front 23

Social locus

Back 23

Use changed to middle-class youth

Front 24

Symbolic politics

Back 24

cannabis as a symbol of conflict between generations

Front 25

Dominant society's perception on cannabis?

Back 25

social characteristics of the counterculture were projected on to marijuana and then claimed to be the psychological effects inherent in the drug

Front 26

What is de facto legislation?

Back 26

It is non-enforcement policy that still sells marijuana in ie. coffee shops in the Netherlands (1976)

Front 27

What is the Gateway theory?

Back 27

Theory that cannabis use in adolescence leads to the use of more dangerous 'hard' drugs