Drug Names

Front 1

Morphine

Back 1

bioavailability is 20% due to significant first pass metabolism
Given IV or IM

Front 2

Codeine

Back 2

Good bioavailability (60%)
3-O methyl morphine
low potency
good anti-tussive

Front 3

Oxycodone

Back 3

Semi-synthetic Opioid
orally active
as potent as morphine
often used in combo with NSAID

Front 4

Naloxone (Narcan)

Back 4

pure antagonist
IV only, zero bioavailability
used for reversal of opioid toxicity
short half-life

Front 5

Naltrexone (Trexan)

Back 5

bioavailable antagonist
used to maintain addicts in drug free state
reduces alcoholic cravings

Front 6

Meperidine (Demerol)

Back 6

variable bioavailability
Less GI effects than morphine
No pupillary constriction (miosis)
Severe interaction with MAO inhibitors (severe resp depression, delirium, convulsions)

Front 7

Methadone (Dolophine)

Back 7

similar analgesic efficacy as morphine
longer half-life
used to treat opioid addicts
withdrawl symptoms minimized
blunts the heroine induced high

Front 8

Pentazocine (Talwin, TalwinNX)

Back 8

structurally similar to opiates
mixed agonist/antagonist
kappa receptor selective agonist
mu receptor partial agonist or antagonist
used for chronic severe pain
lower abuse potential
NX = in combo with Naloxone

Front 9

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)

Back 9

prototype NSAID
irreversible COX inhibition

Front 10

Ibuprofen, Naproxen (Aleve)

Back 10

non-selective COX inhibitors
structurally unrelated to salicylates, but more potent (not more efficacious)

Front 11

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Back 11

COX-2 selective inhibitor
Cardiovascular risks: inhibition of anti-thrombogenic prostaglandins, inc. BP, destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques

Front 12

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Back 12

Anti-pyretic and analgesic
Not anti-inflammatory
Does NOT cause GI distress or effect platelet function
Metabolized in liver (metabolites deplete glutathione)
high dose - hepatotoxicity
OD - treat w sulfhydryl reagant, Acetylcysteine

Front 13

Phenylephrine

Back 13

a1 adrenergic receptor agonist
Inc. TPR, inc. BP
Dec. HR (reflex)
Use: decongestant, hypotension

Front 14

Norepinephrine

Back 14

a1, a2, b1 agonist
Inc. TPR, inc. BP
Dec. HR (reflex)
Inc. contractility (b1)
Use: hypotension, shock

Front 15

Epinephrine

Back 15

beta > alpha agonist
Inc. systolic BP (Inc. contractility, b1)
Dec. diastolic BP (Dec. TPR, b2)
Inc. HR (b1)
Use: cardiac arrest, shock, topical gum retraction, co-admin w local anesthesia

Front 16

Isoproterenol

Back 16

beta agonist
Inc. systolic BP (Inc. contractility, b1)
Dec. diastolic BP (Dec. TPR, b2)
Inc. HR (b1)
Use: heart block, cardiac arrest

Front 17

Phentolamine

Back 17

nonselective alpha blocker
Dec. TPR, Dec. BP
reflex tachycardia
Use: pre-surgery control of BP
Adverse: postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia

Front 18

Prazosin

Back 18

selective a1 blocker
Dec. TPR, Dec. BP
less reflex tachycardia
Use: hypertension, benign prosthetic hyperplasia
adverse: hypotension related (dizziness, fatigue)

Front 19

Propranolol

Back 19

nonselective beta blocker
Don't use w asthma patients

Front 20

Metoprolol

Back 20

selective b1 blocker
Use: anti-hypertension, anti-anginal, anti-arrhythmic

Front 21

Nicotine

Back 21

CNS selective nicotinic agonist
Stimulation followed by depression
No application for dentistry

Front 22

Hexamethonium

Back 22

Nicotinic Ganglionic blocker (antagonist)
charged molecule, does not enter CNS
No application for dentistry

Front 23

Mecacmylamine

Back 23

Nicotinic Ganglionic blocker (antagonist)
uncharged molecule, enters CNS
No application for dentistry

Front 24

Trimethapham

Back 24

Nicotinic Ganglionic Blocker
Fast-acting
Not orally active
Sometimes used in neurosurgery

Front 25

Tubocurarine

Back 25

Nicotinic Neuromuscular Blocker
Use: muscle paralysis in oral surgery for mandibular repair

Front 26

Succinylcholine

Back 26

Nicotinic Neuromuscular Blocker
Use: facilitate intubation, treat intractable laryngospasm

Front 27

Acetylcholine

Back 27

Muscarinic Agonist
Choline Ester
rapidly metabolized by acetylcholineesterase
used for eye surgery

Front 28

Methacholine

Back 28

Muscarinic Agonist
Choline Ester
Metabolized slowly
used to treat bronchial reactivity

Front 29

Bethanechol

Back 29

Muscarinic Agonist
Choline Ester
Not metabolized
Used to increase urinary voiding

Front 30

Muscarine

Back 30

Muscarinic Agonist
Alkaloid
Specificity for parasympathetic target organs
No clinical use

Front 31

Pilocarpine

Back 31

Muscarinic Agonist
Alkaloid
Specificity for parasympathetic target organs
Use: Stimulate salivation, treat glaucoma

Front 32

Atropine

Back 32

Muscarinic Antagonist
blocks slowing of heart and CNS effects of nerve gas

Front 33

Scopolamine

Back 33

Muscarinic Antagonist
motion sickness

Front 34

Ipratropium

Back 34

Muscarinic Antagonist
topically active in lungs for asthma

Front 35

Muscarinic Antagonists

Back 35

Atropine, Scopolamine, Ipratropium

Front 36

Muscarinic Agonists

Back 36

Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Bethanechol, Muscarine, Pilocarpine

Front 37

Nicotinic Angonists

Back 37

Nicotine

Front 38

Nicotinic Antagonists: Ganglionic Blockers

Back 38

Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine, Trimethapham

Front 39

Nicotinic Antagonists: Neuromuscular Blockers

Back 39

Tubocurarine, Succinylcholine

Front 40

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Back 40

Prolong presence of acetylcholine in synapse
Physostigmine, Neostigmine

Front 41

Physostigmine

Back 41

Anti-Cholinesterase
reverses neuromuscular blockade following surgery
uncharged, enters CNS

Front 42

Neostigmine

Back 42

Anti-cholinesterase
charged, does not enter CNS