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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Phenobarbital |
(Luminal)
Dose: 100-200mg/day TR: <40mcg/mL SE: macro anemia (folic def.), rash, SJS, 3A4 inducer |
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Primidone
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(Mysoline)
Met: Hepatic into Phenobarbital |
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Phenytoin
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(Dilantin)
Dosing: 5mg/kg/day TR: Free 1-2mcg/mL PK: Met fosphenytoin (1.5:1), highly protein bound, 3A4 inducer SE: >50mg/min decrease BP and thombopleb, macro anemia, SJS, gingival hyperplasia, lupus-like syndrome |
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Carbamazepine
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(Tegretol), for bipolar (Equetro)
Dosing: 300-600 BID-TID TR: 6-10mg/L SE: hep, BMS-R,W,T-->aplastic anemia, SIADH, hypoNa, SJS PK: 3A4 inducer/substrate, autoinducer 1st month |
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Ethosuximide
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(Zarontin) for Absence Seizures
Dosing: 500mg/day, increase 500mg/wk-->2gm TR: 50-100 mcg/mL SE: BMS-W, rash, lupus-like, hiccups |
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Valproic acid/Divalproex
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(Depakene, Depakote)
PK: 50-100 ug/L-->5gm/day SE: hep, pancreatitis, BMS-T, change menstrual, SJS, alopecia, wt gain |
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Gabapentin
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(Neurontin)
Dosing: Max 3.6gm, renal decrease dose SE: weight gain, edema |
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Topiramate
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(Topamax)
SE: met. acidosis, kidney stones, glaucoma |
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Levetiracetam
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(Keppra)
SE: renal |
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Methanol
Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isopropyl Lactic Acidosis Ethanol Salicylates |
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MAO Inhibitors
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SE: Tyramine--> HTN crisis
Drugs: tranylcypromine (Parnate), Phenylzine (Nardil) |
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TCAs
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NE>5HT
SE: arrythmias, anticholinergic Drugs: Amoxapine (Ascendin), Amitriptyline (Elavil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) |
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Tetracyclines
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5HT>NE
Mirtazepine (Remeron) SE: appetite stimulant, sedation |
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SSRI's
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Fluoxetine (Prozac): increase t1/2, wt gain, bleeds
SE: flu-like |
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APs
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SE: increase ST-seg, orthostasis, BMS-W(clozapine), increase BS
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EPS
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Tx: Antichols, Benztropine (Cogentin), Benadryl, trihexyphenyldate
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TD
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Tx: Vit E
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Dystonia
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Tx: Antichol
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Akathesia
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Tx: Antichol, BBs
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NMS
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Tx: DA agonist (bromocriptine, amantadine, dantrolene) |
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Non-acetyl Salicylates
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Choline (Arthrogen), Salsalate (Disalcid), Diflurisol (Dolabid)
SE: NO platelet effects, rarely GI |
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Morphine
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(Avinza and Kadian)
PK: active metabolite increase in renal dysfx |
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Fentanyl
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Patch: Duragesic, Lozenge: Actiq, Efferv. Tab: Fentone
DI: azoles, clarithromycin increase levels |
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Non-biologic DMARDS
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Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
Lefluonamide (Arava) Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Azathioprine (Imuran) Cyclosporine (Neoral) Minocycline (Minocin) |
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Biologic DMARDs
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Infliximab (Remicade)
Etanercept (Enbrel) Adalimumab (Humira) |
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Drugs that cause Hyperuricemia
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Niacine, thiazides, low-dose ASA, pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, cyclosporine, antineoplastics
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Colchicine
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(Colcrys)
PK: decrease dose with renal dysfx (hemorrhagic gastroenteritis) |
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Allopurinol
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(Zyloprim)
SE: BMS-W, SJS, may precipitate acute gout attack PK: renal dysfx (blood dyscrasia, SJS) |
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COPD Treatment
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Bronchodilators (Albuterol or ipratropium), ICS
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Asthma Treatment
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PRN albuterol, ICS, LABA
End of therapy: montelukast, theophylline |
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SABA
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Albuterol (Proventil), Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
SE: increase HR, decrease K/Mg, Increase BS, tolerance |
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LABA
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Salmeterol (Serevent), Formeterol (Foradil)
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Anticholinergics
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Ipratropium (Atrovent), Tiotropium (Spiriva)
1st line COPD SE: Increase HR |
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Methylxanthines
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Theophylline, Aminophylline (salt, IV)
PK: zero order SE: seizures, decrease BP, arrhythmias, decrease K |
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Leukotriene inhibitors
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Montelukast (Singulair)
Last line for asthma SE: psychosis, hepatitis |
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PUD causes
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H.Pylori (#1)
NSAID induced, alcohol induced Cushings, RA |
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Cimetidine
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(Tagamet), H2 Antagonist
DI: 3A4, 1A2, 2C9 SE: hep, gynecomastia, hallucinations |
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PPI
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Heal ulcers, no tolerance, on empty stomach
SE: rebound, C.Diff, rash, osteoporosis, fractures |
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H.Pylori treatment
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x10-14days
PPI BID/Esomprazole QD+Clarithromycin+amox/metron H2/PPI/Esom+Metronidazole+tetracycline/amox+bismuth |
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DKA
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metabolic acidosis
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Rapid Insulin
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Post-Prandial
Lispro (Humalog) Aspart (Novolog) SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, inj. site rxn |
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Long Insulin
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Glargine (Lantus): Forms microprecipitates in tissue
Detemir (Levemir): Binds to albumin SE: wt gain, hypoglycemia, inj. site rxn |
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Sulfonylureas
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increase insulin secretions
SE: wt gain, SJS Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase) Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) |
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Biguanides
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increase insulin utilization, inhib gluconeo
SE: LA, wt loss Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
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Prevent breakdown of complex carbs
SE: gas, decrease BS (must give glucose, NOT sucrose) Acarbose (Precose) Miglitol (Glyset) |
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TZDs
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Increase insulin utilization, inhib gluconeo
SE: SOB, HF, MI, decrease BMD, edema |
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Meglitinides
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increase insulin secretion (Glucose dep), w/ meals
SE: decrease BS Repaglinide (Prandin) Nateglinide (Starlix) |
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Incretin Based: DPP4
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increase insulin synth and secretion
SE: pancreatitis, SJS Sitagliptin (Januvia) Saxagliptin (Onglyza) |
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Incretin Based: GLP1
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stims insulin secretion, increases satiety, slows gastric emptying time
SE: wt loss, pancreatitis, renal insuff Exenatide (Byetta) |
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Renal Failure
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Pre-Renal: dehydration, BUN/SCr >20:1
Intrinsic: contrast dye Post-Renal: obstruction |
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Thiazide diuretic
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HCTZ, Chlorthalidone (Hygrotan), Indapamide (Lozol)
SE: increase lipids, pancreatitis, sx dysfx, rash, increase BS, increase uric, decrease Na/Mg/K, increase Ca |
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Loop diuretic
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Furosemide, Torsemide, Bumetinide, Ethacrynic Acid
SE: decrease Ca, pre-renal failure |
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K-Sparing diuretic
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Spironolactone (Aldactone): gynecomastic
Amiloride (Midamore) Triamterene (Dyrenium): kidney stones |
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Non-selective B1, B2
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Propranolol
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Selective B1-BB
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Metoprolol (Toprol, Lopressor)
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Non-Selective B1, B2, alpha
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Carvedilol (Coreg), Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
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Intrinsic SA BB
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Acebutolol (Sectrol)
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NO properties BB
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Nebivolol (Bystolic)
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Class III (K block) BB
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Sotalol (Betapace, AF)
SE: Torsades |
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Class II BB
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All BBs
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Clonidine
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(Catapress PO, Patch)
Centrally acting Anti-adrenergic agents SE: rebound |
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HTN crisis: Emergency
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End organ damage
Tx: IV Nitroprusside (cyanide, no renal) |
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HTN crisis: Urgency
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NO end organ damage
Tx: PO Labetolol |
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Direct Vasodilators
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Hydralazine (Apresoline): reflex tachy, Lupus-like
Minoxidil (Lonifen, Rogaine) EBM: resistant HTN, ESRD |
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Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers
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Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura) SE: 1st dose syncope, ortho, reflex tachy EBM: BPH, resistant HTN |
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Direct Renin Inhibitors
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Aliskiren (Tekturna)
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Alkylating Agents
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Busulfan (Myleran)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) Melphalon (Alkavan) |
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Cyclophosphamide
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(Cytoxan)
PK: met acrolein-->hemorrhagic cystitis Prevention: hydration, mesna (Mesnex) |
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Platinum Analogues
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Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
Cisplatin (Platinol) SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity (prevent with Hydration, Amifostine/Ethyol) |
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Anthracyclines
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Dounorubicin (Cerbidine): Life=550
Doxorubicin (Adrimycin): Life=550 Idarubicin (Idamycin): Life dose=137.5mg/m2 SE: cardiotoxic (prevent with dexrazoxane/Zinecard) |
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Chemo Antibiotics
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Bleomycin (Blenoxane): pulm fibrosis
Bactinomycin (Cosmegen): pediatric |
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Chemo Antimetabolites
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Methotrexate (Amethopterin): FA antag,
>1gm/m2: BMS-W, GI damage (Leucovorin rescue) Cytarabine (Cytosar, Ara-C): conjunctivits, slurred speech Fluorouracil (Adrucil, 5-FU) |
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Vinca Plant Alkaloids
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Lung, Testicular Cancer
Vincristine (Oncovin) Vinblastine (Velban) SE: neurotoxicity |
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Taxanes
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Lung, Ovarian, Prostate Cancer
Paclitaxel (Taxol) Docetaxel (Taxotere) SE: neurotoxicity |
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Camptothecins
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Colorectal Cancer
Irinotecan (Camptosar) SE: GI!!! |
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Chemos that cause mucositis
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MTX, Ara-C, 5-FU, Anthracyclines, Bleomycin
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NRTIs
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become phosphorylated and integrate into HIV DNA
SE: LA, hepatic stenosis |
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Abacavir
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NRTI, ABC, (Ziagen)
SE: hypersensitivity (HLAB-5701) |
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Didanosine
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NRTI, DDI, (Videx)
SE: pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy |
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Emtricitabine
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NRTI, FTC, (Emtriva)
SE: hyperpigmentation of skin |
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Lamivudine
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NRTI, 3TC, (Epivir)
SE: hyperpigmentation of skin |
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Stavudine
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NRTI, D4T, (Zerit)
SE: pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy |
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Tenofovir
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NRTI, TDF, (Viread)
SE: decrease BMD, renal toxicity |
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Zidovudine
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NRTI, AZT, (Retrovir)
SE: hep, BMS-R,W(macro), hyperpigmentation |
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NNRTIs
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inhibit enzyme reverse transcriptase
SE: resistance, hep, SJS, QD dosing |
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Efavirenz
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NNRTI, EFV, (Sustiva)
SE: CYP inhibitor and inducer, do NOT use in pregnancy |
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Etravirine
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NNRTI, ETR, (Intelence)
SE: increase BP, peripheral neuropathy |
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Nevirapine
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NNRTI, NVP, (Viramune)
Use during labor |
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Rilpivirine
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NNRTI, RPV, (Edurant)
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Protease Inhibitors
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All 3A4 substrates and inhibitors
SE: increase lipids, CAD, hep, increase BS, met. syndrome |
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Atazanavir
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PI, ATV, (Reyataz)
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Darunavir
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PI, DRV, (Prezista)
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Fosamprenavir
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PI, FPV, (Lexiva)
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Lopinavir/ritonavir
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PI, LPV/RTV, (Kaletra)
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Nelfinavir
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PI, NFV, (Viracept)
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Ritonavir
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RTV, (Norvir)
Use as PK enhancer to inhibit PI metabolism |
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Saquinavir
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PI, SQV, (Invirase)
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Integrase Inhibitors
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Raltegravir, RAL (Isentress): increase CK, myopathy
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CCR5 Antagonist
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Maraviroc, MVC (Selzentry)
Salvage regimen SE: hep, 3A4 inhibitor |
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Fusion Inhibitor
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Enfuvirtide, T20 (Fuzeon)
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Bile Acid Sequestrants
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decrease LDL, increase TG
Cholestyramine (Questran) Colestipol (Colestid) |
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Niacin
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increase HDL, decrease TG, decrease LDL
(Nicotinic Acid, Vit B3) SE: hep, increase BS/UA, flush, myopathy |
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
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decrease LDL/TG, increase HDL
SE: hep, myopathy, red urine Most potent: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin |
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Fibric Acid Derivatives
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Decrease TG, increase HDL
SE: gallstones, hep Gemfibrozil (Lopid) Fenofibrate (Tricor) |
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Ceftriaxone
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(Rocephin)
Do not use in renal disease, neonates |
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NMTT side chain
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Cefoperazone, Cefamandole, Moxalactam, Cefmetazole, Cefotetan
--> Disulfiram-like rxn, coagulopathies |
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Vancomycin
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PK: renal elim, peak 40, trough 5-10
SE: red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity |
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Aminoglycosides
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Gentamycin, Tobramycin
PK: Traditional (PK 10h, trough 2h), Consolidated (7mg/kg, Hartford Nomo) SE: nephrotoxiity, neurotixic, ototoxic |
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Quinolones
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SE: psychosis, renal dysfx, increase QTc, C.Diff, cartilege dysfx, photosensitivity
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Linezolid
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(Zyvox), MAO-i
SE: optic neuritis, BMS-W,T (esp>14d) |
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SMZ/TMP
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(Septra, Bactrim)
SE: BMS-W,T, photosens, rash, SJS, periph. neuropathy DI: 3A4, 2C9, 2C19 |
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Metronidazone
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(Flagyl), #1 tx for C.Diff
SE: Disulfiram, peripheral neuropathy |
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HF Treatment
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#1: Loops
#2: ACEi/ARBs #3: BB (Bisoprolol, Carvedilol, Metoprolol succ.) #4: K-sparing #5: Hydralazine/NTG (BiDil) --> Af. Ams #6: Digoxin |
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Digoxin
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MOA: blocks NE, Na/K ATPase pump, blocks AV node
Toxic >2ng/mL SE: halo, color change, hallucinations, arrhythmias, heart block, N/V/D, rash Antidote: Digibind |
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Type Ia
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Quinidine (Quinidex, Quinaglute) IV, IM, PO
Procainamide (Pronestyl, Procan, Procanbid) IV, IM Disopyramide (Norpace) PO |
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Type Ib
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Lidocaine (Xylocaine) IV, IO, ET
Mexiletine (Mexitil) PO |
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Type Ic
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Flecainide (Tambocor) PO
Propafenone (Rhythmol) PO |
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Type II
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Metoprolol (Toprol, Lopressor) IV, PO
Esmolol (Brevibloc) IV Atenolol (Tenormin) PO |
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Type III
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Amiodarone (Cordarone) IV, PO
Dofetilide (Tikosyn) PO Sotalol (Betapace, Sorine) PO Ibutilide (Covert) IV Dronedarone (Multaq) PO |
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Type IV
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Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) IV, PO
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Dilacor, Taztia) IV, PO |
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Azoles
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DI: 3A4, 2C9, 2C19
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Fluconazole
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(Diflucan)
Candida, cryptococcus SE: hep, BMS-W, rash |
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Itraconazole
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(Sporanox)
Candida, Mold PK: Caps with food, Solution w/o food SE: visual disturb, tinnitis, IV neg inotrope, hep, SJS, peripheral neuropathy |
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Voriconazole
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(Vfend)
Candida, molds-->broadest and strongest azole Dosing: LD--> MD SE: visual disturb, hallucinations, hep, rash |
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Ketoconazole
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(Nizoral)
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Echinocandins
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Caspofungin (Cancidas)
Micafungin (Mycamine) SE: hep, rash, SJS |
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Amphotericin B
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Amp-B deoxycholate: gold standard for yeast and molds but increase SEs, give with a lot of fluids
SE: tachypnea, decrease BP, BMS-T,W, decrease K/Mg, infusion rxns (500cc NS before and after) Lipid formulations decrease SEs - Amphotec, Abelcet, AmBisome |
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Flucytosine
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(Ancoban)
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Terbinafine
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(Lamisil)
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Ganciclovir
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(Cytovene)
Use for CMV (retinitis) SE: seizures, retinal detachment, hep, BMS-T,W, rash, phlebitis, renal dysfx, bone marrow suppression (w/ Zidovudine) |
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Amantadine
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(Symmetrel)
DA agonist SE: psychosis |
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Rimantadine
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(Flumedine)
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Oseltamivir
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(Tamiflu)
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Zanamivir
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(Relenza) Inhaler
SE: bronchospasms |
