Drug Cards For Nursing

Front 1

Thiazide diuretic

treatment

Back 1

*HTN
*Edema r/t mild to mod hypertension, hepatic or renal disease, corticosteroid or estrogen therapy
*prevention of calcic renal calculi
*paradoxically decreases urine output in diabetes insipidus

Front 2

Thiazide diuretics

pharmacokinetics

Back 2

Absorbed rapidly from GI tract, excreted in urine

Front 3

Thiazide diuretics

pharmacodynamics

Back 3

Prevent sodium reabsorption by kidneys. As sodium is excreted, it pulls water along with it. Also causes excretion of K+, bicarb

Front 4

Thiazide diuretics

contraindications

Back 4

Pts with sulfa allergies can have a reaction

Front 5

Thiazide diurectics

considerations

Back 5

*may cause hyperglycemia
*will reduce K+ levels
*may increase lipid levels
*may increase uric acid levels

Front 6

Thiazide diurectics

adverse reactions

Back 6

*reduced blood volume
*orthostatic hypotension
*hyponatremia
*hypokalemia

Front 7

Thiazide diuretics

drug interations

Back 7

*may increase lithium levels
*may increase response to skeletal muscule relaxants
*NSAIDs may reduce effectiveness of thiazide diuretics

Front 8

Thiazide diuretics

common drugs

Back 8

*hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL, HCTZ)
*chlorothiazide (Diuril)
*inapamide (Lozol)

Front 9

Loop diuretics

therapy

Back 9

*Edema r/t HF,renal and hepatic disease
*HTN

Front 10

Loop diuretics

pharmacokinetics

Back 10

*absorbed well with rapid distribution
*highly protein-bound
*metabolized in liver (except furosemide)
*excreted by kidneys

Front 11

Loop diuretics

pharmacodynamics

Back 11

Act primarily on the ascending loop of Henle to increase secretion of sodium,chloride, and water. May also inhibit their reabsorption.

Front 12

Loop diuretics

contraindications

Back 12

*hypersensitivity
*pts with sulfa allergies?

Front 13

Loop diuretics

adverse reactions

Back 13

*hypovolemia
*orthostatic hypertension
*hypokalemia
*hypochloremia
*hyponatremia
*hypocalcemia
*hypomagnesemia

Front 14

Loop diuretics

considerations

Back 14

*ototoxic, especially in pts with renal insufficiency
*may cause hyperglycemia
*may cause increased uric acid levels

Front 15

Loop diuretics

drug interactions

Back 15

*increased risk of ototoxicity when taken with aminoglyucosides and cisplatin
*reduce effectiveness of oral antidiabetics
*may increase risk of lithium toxicity
*when taken iwth cardiac glycosides, increased risk of lyte imbalnces et resulting arrhythmias.

Front 16

Loop diuretics

common drugs

Back 16

*bumetanide (Bumex)
*furosemide (Lasix)
*torsemide (Demadex)

Front 17

Potassium-sparing diuretics

treatment

Back 17

*edema
*diuretic-induced hypokalemia in tps with heart failure
*cirrhosis
*nephrotic syndrome
*heart failure
*HTN

Front 18

Potassium-sparing diuretics

pharmacokinetics

Back 18

*only po, absorbed in GI tract
*metabolized in liver, excreted in urine and bile

Front 19

Potassium-sparing diuretics

pharmacodynamics

Back 19

*Acts in distal tubule to increase Na and H2O secretion. Also increases Chl and Ca excretion.
*Decreases K and H ions.

Front 20

Potassium-sparing diuretics

adverse reaction

Back 20

hyperkalemia

Front 21

Potassium-sparing diuretics

considerations

Back 21

*Do not use in pts with renal insufficiency or hyperkalemia
*may increase uric acid levels
*pt should avoid excess k in their diet

Front 22

Potassium-sparing diuretics

common drugs

Back 22

spironolactone (Aldactone)
amiloride (Midamor)
triamterene (Dyrenium)

Front 23

Calcium channel blockers

treatment

Back 23

*prevention of angina
*HTN
*dysrhythmia

Front 24

Calcium channel blockers

pharmacokinetics

Back 24

orally, absorbed quickly.
metabolized rapidly in liver

Front 25

Calcium channel blockers

pharmacodynamics

Back 25

Prevent passage of Ca+ across membranes of myocardial et vascular smooth-muscle cells. This causes dilation of the coronary et peripheral arteries. Some also slow conduction thru the SA and AV nodes.

Front 26

Calcium channel blockers

adverse reactions

Back 26

orthostatic hypotension
heart failure
hypotension
arrhythmias (diltiazsem and verapamil)

Front 27

Calcium channel blockers

considerations

Back 27

*d/n take with grapefruit juice
*Ca and vit D reduce effectiveness

Front 28

Calcium channel blockers

drug interactions

Back 28

Verapamil and diltiazem increase the risk of dig toxicity, enhance the action of carbamazepine, and may cause myocardial depression

Front 29

Calcium channel blockers

common drugs

Back 29

Selective for blood vessels
amlodipine (Norvasc)
nifedipine (Procardia)

Nonselective, for both blood vessels and heart
diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil

Front 30

ACE inhibitors

treatment

Back 30

*HTN
*heart failure or following an MI
*fluid retention

Front 31

ACE inhibitors

pharmacokinetics

Back 31

Absorbed from GI tract, metabolized in liver, excreted by kidneys

Front 32

ACE inhibitors

pharmacodynamics

Back 32

Interrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and the subsequent secretion of aldosterone. Less angiotensin II=arteriole dilation, decreased preipheral vascular resistance. Less aldosterone-increased excretion of Na and H2O.

Front 33

ACE inhibitors

adverse reactions

Back 33

*headache, fatigue
*persistent cough
*angioedema
*GI reactions
*hyperkalemia

Front 34

ACE inhibitors

drug interactions

Back 34

*can increase serum lithium levels
*NSAIDs decrease effectiveness, increase renal dysfunction

Front 35

ACE inhibitors

contraindications

Back 35

*history of angioedema
*pts with heart failure taking a potassium-sparing drug
*pregnancy and lactation
*pts with renal insufficiency

Front 36

ACE inhibitors

considerations

Back 36

African-Americans tend to experience reduced efficacy and higher incidence of angioedema

Front 37

ACE inhibitors

common drugs

Back 37

benazepril (Lotensin)
captopril (Capoten)
enalapril (Vasotec)
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
quinapril (Accupril)
ramipril (Altace)

Front 38

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

treatment

Back 38

*HTN
*management of heart failure

Front 39

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

pharmacokinetics

Back 39

vary

Front 40

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

pharmacodynamics

Back 40

Block the binding of angiotensinII at the AT1 receptor, preventing angiotensin II from exerting its vasoconstricting properties and from promoting the excretion of aldosterone.

Front 41

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

adverse reactions

Back 41

*headache and fatigue
*cough and tickling in the throat
*angioedema
*GI reactions
*increased serum K levels

Front 42

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

drug interactions

Back 42

*fluconazole will increase blood levels of losartan
*NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effects
*rifampin will decrease the antihypertensive effect of losartan

Front 43

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

common drugs

Back 43

candesartan (Atacand)
irbesartan (Avapro)
losartan (Cozaar)
olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar)
valsartan (Diovan)