Drug Addiction Final Exam Review

Front 1

Durations and Dose. What is a high dose, low dose, high duration? For what?

Back 1

-Hypnotics: short duration, higher dosing for sleep
-Sedatives: long duration, lower dosing for sedation

Front 2

Relationship between barbiturates and benzodiazepines
(understand the concept)

Back 2

-benzodiazepines is the evolution of the barbiturates.

Front 3

why most deaths occur, when discussing sedatives?

Back 3

-if they are mixed with alcohol causing a synergistic effect, which makes the sedative exponentially dangerous

Front 4

what receptors are effected by central nervous systems depressants like benzodiazepines?

Back 4

-effects inhibitory transmitters, like GABA receptors "enhancing its inhibitory effects"

-more capable of inhibiting other transmitters

Front 5

why did the opium war occur?
(slides)

Back 5

-being illegal in China, resulted in opium being smuggled in by England

-one officer reported that he would not allow the import of Opium and a war broke out

Front 6

All of the following are true about inhalants:

Back 6

-are breathable chemical vapors that produce psychoactive (mind-altering) effects
-initial use usually begins in elementary school
-produce effects similar to anesthetics, which act to slow down the body's functions
-abuse can lead to loss of consciousness
-risks include brain damage, kidney damage, and peripheral nerve damage

Front 7

How to make Heroine?

Back 7

-in 1874 two acetyl groups were attached to morphine
-sold by Bayer

Front 8

What did the typical addict looked like before and after the Harrison act?

Back 8

-before typical addict was 30-50 year old white woman
-after addicts were show people, entertainers, musicians, racketeers, thieves, pickpockets, prostitutes, pimps, and gangsters

Front 9

What did Vietnam teach us about opioids?

Back 9

-under the right circumstances many will use it recreationally
-not only IV users become addicted
-even occasional users can become opioid dependent
-many soldiers that were dependent stopped use when returning to the states

Front 10

What do studies indicate about animal on opioids?
(slides)

Back 10

-they can be addicted to opioids
-their brain prepares for the administration
-they can be killed with a lethal dose

Front 11

What was the purpose of the rat study shown in class?

Back 11

-experiments demonstrate that bodily changes occur in response to the anticipated administration of the drug, and counter the drug effects

-brain prepares for the heroin

Front 12

What does D.A.W.N. stand for?

Back 12

-Drug Abuse Warning Network
-monitors emergency rooms in major metropolitan areas for visits involving substances from charting, as well as on drug related deaths from corners
-records only that a substance was involved in a hospital visit, not the cause

Front 13

Illicit Drugs

Back 13

-illegal to possess or use

Front 14

Drug Abuse-

Back 14

-use that results in problems or the potential for problems

Front 15

deviant behavior

Back 15

-not common within a social group, and disapproved of by the majority

Front 16

Drug misuse

Back 16

-overusing a prescription drug or using it for the effect rather that the typical use (antihistamines)

Front 17

addiction

Back 17

-severe problems

Front 18

Governments approach to drugs and industry in general?
What is the term used to describe it?

Back 18

-War on Drugs

Front 19

What are the problems when studying substance abuse?

Back 19

-Hard to track sales on illegal drugs
-Alcohol and prescription drug sales stats have drawbacks, (i.e unused meds, home brewed alcohol)
-drop outs from school

Front 20

What is it called when you are repeatedly do a drug and it has less effect?

Back 20

-tolerance

Front 21

What are the DSM 4 diagnostic categories for substances?

Back 21

-tolerance
-withdrawal
-the substance is often taken in larger amounts then or over a longer period than was intended
-there is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control the substance use.
-a great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance,use of the substance, or recovering from its effects
-social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of the substance use
-the substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem

Front 22

Gateway drug theory and its stages

Back 22

-if you have done harder drugs, you have probably done marijuana
-First stage is beer or wine
-Second stage is cigarettes, hard liquor, or both
-Third stage is marijuana use
-Only after these are hard drugs tried

Front 23

What are the possible motives of substance abuse?

Back 23

-attraction to a deviant subculture
-signaling rebellion
-effects of drugs are reinforcing
-seeking altered states of consciousness

Front 24

What categories does pharmacol therapy treat in relation to substance abuse
(slides)

Back 24

-Withdrawal treatment
-Maintenance treatment

Front 25

What drugs require medical intervention (detox)?
(read each drug and determine)
(on slides)

Back 25

-opioids
-alcohol
-benzodiazepines

Front 26

What are the pharmacol therapies used for in regards to opioid treatment?

Back 26

-pain relief
-intestinal disorders-counteracting diarrhea
-cough suppressant

Front 27

What pharmacotherapies are used for alcohol abstinence?

Back 27

-Benzodiazepines to prevent seizures
-Barbiturats are sometimes used
-Antabuse-antagonist punishment treatment
-Naltrexone- opioid antagonist demonstrated to reduce alcohol consumption
for those in the study
-Acamprosate- in a study helped reduce alcohol relapse
-

Front 28

6 categories of Prevention (define)
(can be a combination)

Back 28

1.Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Universal
5. Selective
6. Indicated

Front 29

What does D.A.R.E.stand for?

Back 29

-Drug Abuse Resistance Education
-uses social influence model for tobacco, adapted for substances
-utilizes police to deliver message
-studies indicate little effectiveness
-remains most widespread prevention program

Front 30

What are the techniques of the knowledge-attitude-behavioral model?

Back 30

-the belief increased knowledge would lead to attitude changes which would affect behavior
-scare tactics or dry facts
-used in early formation of prevention strategies
-studies indicated knowledge was increased but behavior did not change
-there was not a drastic escalation of use in the control group

Front 31

What types of interventions do parents and family programs use?

Back 31

-informational programs-regards substances, what to look for, current substances of abuse
-parenting skills-communication, decision making skills, setting goals and limits, and saying no to your child
-parenting support groups
-family interaction-tends to improve family communication and strengthens parents knowledge and skill

Front 32

What is the most consistent feature of drug prevention programs in the work place?

Back 32

-random urine testings

Front 33

Is prevention considered effective?

Back 33

- to a certain extent, didn't bring abstinence, but better decision making in regard to substances

Front 34

Questions from the videos

Back 34

watch videos

Front 35

Robert Sternbergs theory

Back 35

-Triarchic Theory of Love
-3 points
-Liking (Intimacy)
-Infatuation (Passion)
-Empty Love (Commitment)

-Companionate Love(Intimacy + Commitment)
-Romantic Love (Passion +Intimacy)
-Fatuous Love (Passion +Commitment) or stupid Love
-Consummate Love (Intimacy + Passion + Commitment)

Front 36

Authors opinions on casual sex in early recovery?

Back 36

-do not condone it, lots of complications
-1st reason is that people have difficulty separating sex and intimacy
-2nd consideration is the tendency of those who have been sexually abused to sexualize intimacy
-3rd is the effect of casual sex on self-esteem

Front 37

What is enabling?

Back 37

-any behavior which softens the consequences of an addict's behavior
-being a savior
-feeling the addict cannot be abandoned in his time of need

Front 38

What are the roles common in addictive families?

Back 38

-Family Hero: Something to be proud of/savior
-Scape Goat: does stuff to get in trouble/ family is attracted to scape goat
-family heros are attracted to scape goats
-Clown or Mascot
-Lost Child
(all roles may have switched)

Front 39

Why does your author believe that addiction is a family disease?

Back 39

-1. addiction has a tremendous impact on the family of the addict
-2. family dynamics play a major role in the development and perpetuation of an addiction

Front 40

How does addiction effect the family unit? (text)

Back 40

-negative feelings about unfulfilled role expectations (hurt and anger)
-parents feeling shame and guilt if their child is the addict
-siblings experiencing jealousy at different treatment
-shame and embarrassment in the child if a parent has an addiction
-different members of the family battle for control, thinking the right formula can help the addicted individual

Front 41

What are the authors opinion on the difficulty of getting the family in therapy?

Back 41

-what often happens in addiction treatment is that the family identifies the person with the addiction as the only person with an issue and sees no need to engage in treatment
-sometimes the client is reluctant to have the family involved
-

Front 42

What is statistic/percentage of substance abusers have co-occuring illnesses?

Back 42

-nearly half

Front 43

What matters most in treating co-occuring illness?

Back 43

-build trust

Front 44

What substance is most abused by schizophrenics?
(text)

Back 44

-alcohol

Front 45

What clusters of personality disorder are most common to substances users?
(not cluster D)

Back 45

-Cluster B Personality Disorders,
-Borderline Personality disorder is characterized by drug use

Front 46

Which cluster is most common with those that have an addiction?

Back 46

-Cluster B personality disorder
-include dramatic, erratic, and emotional behaviors

Front 47

When a client seeks treatment who are the goals best set by?

Back 47

-best determined as a negotiation between both the client and the clinician

Front 48

What are the cons regarding harm reduction?

Back 48

-can be enabling
-may negatively effect group members who are abstinent

Front 49

When someone uses another substance in place of their drug of choice, its a high risk- low pay off endeavor.
Why is it a high risk -low risk endeavor?

Back 49

-first, the risk of relapse returning to the drug of choice is great
-Second, the problem behavior, which is actually the need to escape painful feelings and uncomfortable situations, is not addressed
-The other risk is that the person will not enter the lifestyle change, the change in philosophy of living that can be so important and life altering

Front 50

Bill Wilson corresponded with which famous theorist?

Back 50

-Carl Jung

Front 51

Intimacy

Back 51

getting to know the person and liking what you know

Front 52

Passion

Back 52

infatuation

Front 53

Commitment

Back 53

dedication

Front 54

The word addiction and Dependence are interchangeable

True or False

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

DSM Criteria

Back 55

Must meet three or more to be met in order to be diagnosed

Front 56

Best survey to monitor drug use

Back 56

Monitoring the Future

Front 57

family scapegoat

Back 57

-tension in the family causes child to act out, causing parents to come together against the child.
-child is sacrificing themselves unconsciously
-family heros are attracted to scape goats

Front 58

What are the withdrawal symptoms of opioids?

Back 58

physical dependece-craving, yawning, runny nose, teary eyes, insomnia, increased blood pressure,increased pulse, increased respiration, restlessness, nausea, fetal position, vomiting, diarrhea, spontaneous ejaculation or orgasm, increased blood sugar

Front 59

methaqualone

Back 59

-in 1965, introduced in the US and labeled addiction potential not established
-1967-73 no longer monitored by the FDA and reported physical dependence has not clearly been demonstrated
-commonly abused drug in the early 1970's
-19773 moved to schedule II class
-1985 no longer available, and moved to schedule I