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130 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

ACCOMODATION REFLEX

The adjustment of the eyes at various distances. The pupils of the eyes will automatically constrict as objects move closer.
ADDICTION
habitual, psychological, and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control.
ADDITIVE EFFECT
two drugs affect the indicator in the same way. For example, cocaine elevates pulse rate and PCP also elevates pulse rate. The combination of cocaine and PCP produces an additive effect on pulse rate.
AFFERENT NERVES
Sensory Nerves.
ALKALOID
A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance. morphine is a natural alkaloid of opium. It does not require a chemical reaction to produce morphine from opium.
ANALGESIC
A drug that relieves or allays pain.
ANALOG (of a drug)
An analog of a drug is a chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. Ketamine is an analog of PCP.
ANESTHETIC
A drug that produces a general or local insensibility to pain and other
sensation.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
two drugs affect the indicator in opposite ways.heroin constricts pupils while cocaine dilates pupils. The combination of heroin and cocaine produces an antagonistic effect on pupil size.
ARRHYTHMIA
An abnormal heart rhythm.
ARTERY
The strong, elastic blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
ATAXIA
A blocked ability to coordinate movements. A staggering walk and poor balance may be caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord. results of trauma, birth defect, infection, tumor or drug use.
AUTONOMIC NERVE
A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. Two kinds of autonomic nerves, the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves
AXON
The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter.
BAC
(Blood Alcohol Concentration) - The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood.
BrAC
(Breath Alcohol Concentration) - The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood as measured by a breath testing device.
BLOOD PRESSURE
The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously, as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.
BRADYCARDIA
Abnormally slow heart rate; pulse rate below the normal range.
BRADYPNEA
Abnormally slow rate of breathing.
BRUXISM
Grinding the teeth. This behavior is often seen in persons who are under the influence of cocaine or other CNS stimulants.
CANNABIS
Cannabis includes marijuana, hashish,
hash oil and marinol.
Species of plants from which marijuana and related products are
made
Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indicia
CARBOXY THC
A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION
Abnormal pattern of breathing. Marked by breathlessness and deep, fast
breathing.
CNS (Central Nervous System)
A system within the body consisting of the brain, the brain stem and the spinal
cord.
CNS DEPRESSANTS
CNS depressants include alcohol,
barbiturates, anti-anxiety tranquilizers and numerous other drugs.
CNS STIMULANTS
CNS stimulants include cocaine, the
amphetamines, ritalin, preludin and numerous other drugs.
CONJUNCTIVITIS
An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy or outside factors and may be bacterial or viral.
CONVERGENCE
The "crossing" of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a
stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of his or her nose.
CRACK/ROCK
Cocaine base, appears as a hard, solid form resembling pebbles or small rocks. It produces a very intense, but relatively short duration "high".
CURRICULUM VITAE
A written summary of a person’s education, training, experience, noteworthy achievements and other information about a particular topic
CYCLIC BEHAVIOR
A manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the subject alternates between periods (or cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm.Cyclic behavior, sometimes will be observed in persons under the
influence of PCP.
DELIRIUM
A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech,restlessness and possible hallucinations.
DENDRITE
The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter
DIACETYL MORPHINE
The chemical name for Heroin.
DIASTOLIC
The lowest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded or relaxed (Diastole).
DIPLOPIA
Double vision.
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC
Includes drugs that inhibit pain by cutting off or "disassociating" the brain's perception of pain. PCP and it’s analogs are considered dissociative anesthetics.
DIVIDED ATTENTION
Concentrating on more than 1task at a time. The 4 psychophysical tests used by DREs require the subject to divide attention.
DOWNSIDE EFFECT
An effect that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed
DRUG
Any substance, which when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.
DYSPNEA
Shortness of breath.
DYSMETRIA
An abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly
estimating distances linked to muscular movements.
DYSPHORIA
A mood disorder. Feelings of depression and anguish.
EFFERENT NERVES
see motor nerves
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The network of glands that do not have ducts and other structures. They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of functions in the body.
EXPERT WITNESS
A person skilled in some art, trade, science or profession, having knowledge of matters not within the knowledge of persons of average education, learning and experience
FLASHBACK
A vivid recollection of a portion of an hallucination. 1) emotional-feelings of panic, fear,(2) somatic -altered body sensations, tremors, dizziness,(3) perceptual-distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc.
GARRULITY
Chatter, rambling or pointless speech. Talkative.
HALLUCINATION
sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, e.g.
seeing, hearing, smelling or feeling something that isn't really there.
HALLUCINOGENS
One of the seven drug categories. Hallucinogens include LSD, MDMA, peyote, psilocybin and numerous other drugs.
HASHISH
A form of Cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana
plant.
HASH OIL
it is a highly concentrated syrup-like
oil extracted from marijuana. THC content usually 10% to 12%.
HEROIN
A powerful and widely-abused narcotic analgesic that is chemically derived from morphine. The chemical, or generic name of heroin is "diacetyl morphine"
HIPPUS
A rhythmic pulsating of the pupils of the eyes, as they dilate and constrict
within fixed limits.
HOMEOSTASIS
The dynamic balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars,
and other materials in the body's fluids.
HORIZONTAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS (HGN)
Involuntary jerking of the eyes occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.
HORMONES
Chemicals produced by the body's endocrine system that are carried through the blood stream to the target organ.
HYDROXY THC
A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
HYPERFLEXIA
Exaggerated or over extended motions.
HYPERGLYCEMIA
Excess sugar in the blood.
HYPERPNEA
A deep, rapid or labored breathing.
HYPERPYREXIA
Extremely high body temperature.
HYPERREFLEXIA
A neurological condition marked by increased reflex reactions.
HYPERTENSION
Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypotension.
HYPOGLYCEMIA
An abnormal decrease of blood sugar levels.
HYPOTENSION
Abnormally low blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypertension.
HYPOTHERMIA
Decreased body temperature.
ICE
A crystalline form of methamphetamine that produces a very intense and fairly
long-lasting "high".
INHALANTS
The inhalants include volatile solvents (such as glue and gasoline), aerosols (such as hair spray and insecticides) and anesthetic gases (such as nitrous oxide).
INSUFFLATION
snorting
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails
INTRAOCULAR
"Within the eyeball".
KOROTKOFF SOUNDS
A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic
value.
LACK OF CONVERGENCE
The inability of a person's eyes to converge, or "cross" as the person attempts to focus on a stimulus
MARIJUANA
Common term for the Cannabis Sativa plant.
MARINOL
A drug containing a synthetic form of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
METABOLISM
The sum of all chemical processes that take place in the body as they relate to the movements of nutrients in the blood after digestion, resulting in growth, energy, release of wastes and other body functions.
METABOLITE
A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.
MIOSIS
Abnormally constricted pupils.
MOTOR NERVES
Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body's muscles, tissues, and organs. Motor nerves are also known as efferent nerves.
MYDRIASIS
Abnormally dilated pupils.
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
opium, the natural alkaloids of opium (such as morphine, codeine and thebaine), the derivatives of opium (heroin, dilaudid, percodan oxycodone), the synthetic narcotics (demerol numorphan).
NERVE
A cord-like fiber that carries messages either to or from the brain.
NEURON
A nerve cell. The basic functional unit of a nerve. It contains a nucleus within
a cell body with one or more axons and dendrites.
NEUROTRANSMITTER
Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, and that carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.
NULL EFFECT
two drugs produce a null effect if neither of them affects that indicator. PCP does not affect pupil size and alcohol doesnt affect pupil size.
NYSTAGMUS
An involuntary jerking of the eyes.
"ON THE NOD"
A state of deep relaxation, induced by impairment due to heroin or other
narcotic analgesic. The subject's eyelids droop and chin rests on the chest. Subject may appear to be asleep
OVERLAPPING EFFECT
two drugs produce an overlapping effect if one of them affects the
indicator but the other doesn't. cocaine dilates pupils whilealcohol doesn't affect pupil size.
PALLOR
An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin.
PARANOIA
Mental disorder characterized by delusions and the projection of personal conflicts, that are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others.
PARAPHERNALIA
kinds of tools and other equipment used to store, transport or ingest a drug.
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE
An autonomic nerve that commands the body to relax and to carry out tranquil activities. "at ease" commands to the muscles, tissues and organs.
PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters associated with the parasympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce lower BP, drowsiness,
PHENCYCLIDINE
A contraction of PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE, or PCP.
PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE (PCP)
Often called "phencyclidine" or “PCP”, it is a specific drug belonging to the
Dissociative Anesthetics category.
PHYSIOLOGY
The study of living organisms and the changes that occur during activity.
PILOERECTION
Literally "hair standing up" or goose bumps. This condition of the skin is often observed in persons who are under the influence of LSD.
POLYDRUG USE
Ingesting drugs from two or more drug categories.
PSYCHEDELIC
A mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified or altered
sensory perception sometimes accompanied by hallucinations.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL TESTS
Methods of investigating the mental (psycho-) and physical characteristics of a person suspected of alcohol or drug impairment.
PSYCHOTOGENETIC
"creating psychosis" or "giving birth to insanity"
PSYCHOTOMIMETIC
"mimicking psychosis" or "impersonating insanity".
PTOSIS
Droopy eyelids.
PULSE
The expansion and relaxation of the walls of an artery, caused by the surging flow of blood.
PULSE RATE
The number of expansions of an artery per minute.
REBOUND DILATION
A period of constriction followed by dilation with a change equal to or greater than 2 mm.
RESTING NYSTAGMUS
Jerking of the eyes as they look straight ahead.
SCLERA
A dense white fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external
covering of the eyeball (i.e. the white part of the eye).
SENSORY NERVES
Nerves that carry messages to the brain from the various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.). Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.
SINSEMILLA
The unpollenated female cannabis plant, having a relatively high concentration of THC.
SFST
Standardized Field Sobriety Testing.3 SFSTs, namely Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN), Walk and Turn and One Leg Stand.
SNORTING
The user rapidly draws the drug up into the nostril, usually via a paper or glass tube
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
A medical device used to measure blood pressure.
STETHOSCOPE
A medical instrument used for drug evaluation and classification purposes in order to listen to the sounds produced by blood passing through an artery
SYMPATHETIC NERVE
autonomic nerve that commands the body to react in response to excitement, stress, fear, etc. The brain uses sympathetic nerves to send "wake up calls" and "fire alarms" to the muscles, tissues and organs.
SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS
Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nerves.
These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce elevated BP, dilated pupils
SYNAPSE
The gap or space between two neurons (nerve cells).
SYNESTHESIA
A sensory perception disorder, in which an input via one sense is perceived by the brain as an input via another sense.
SYSTOLIC
The highest value of blood pressure
TACHYCARDIA
Abnormally rapid heart rate; pulse rate above the normal range.
TACHYPNEA
Abnormally rapid rate of breathing.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
The principal psychoactive ingredient in drugs belonging to the cannabis
category.
TOLERANCE
adjustment of the drug user's body and brain to the repeated presence of the drug. As tolerance develops, the user will experience diminishing psychoactive effects from the same dose of the drug. A
TRACKS
Scar tissue usually produced by repeated injection of drugs, via hypodermic needle, along a segment of a vein.
VERTICAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS
An involuntary jerking of the eyes (up and down) which occurs as the eyes are held at maximum elevation.
VOIR DIRE
In a law or court context, one application of voir dire is to question a witness to assess his or her qualifications to be considered an expert in some matter pending before the court.
VOLUNTARY NERVE
A motor nerve that carries messages to a muscle that we consciously control.
WITHDRAWAL
This occurs in someone who is physically addicted to a drug when he or she is
deprived of the drug.