Dre Study Guide 2016

Front 1

List the 7 drug categories, and name one drug contained in each category.

Back 1

CNS Depressant - Xanax

CNS Stimulant - Methamphetamine

Hallucinogens - LSD

Dissociative Anesthetic - PCP

Narcotic Analgesics - Heroin

Inhalants - Hair Spray

Cannabis - Marijuana

Front 2

Define "Drug"

Back 2

Any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.

Front 3

Which categories do not increase blood pressure?

Back 3

CNS Depressants, Narcotic Analgesics

Front 4

Average range of Blood Pressure for Systolic (high number)

Back 4

120-140

Front 5

Average range for pulse

Back 5

60-90 BPM

Front 6

Chloral Hydrate is included in which category?

Back 6

CNS Depressants

Front 7

Bruxism (grinding teeth) is associated with which category?

Back 7

CNS Stimulants

Front 8

T or F: The finger count is included as a psychophysical test in the 12 step DRE evaluation.

Back 8

False

Front 9

Which leg do you use first on the One Leg Stand test for the DRE evaluation?

Back 9

Left

Front 10

Where is the pulse taken?

Back 10

Left arm radial

Front 11

How much time is estimated during the Modified Romberg test?

Back 11

30 Seconds

Front 12

Which drug categories produce HGN?

Back 12

CNS Depressants, Inhalants, Dissociative Anesthetics

Front 13

The bottom number for blood pressure is called ______________.

Back 13

Diastolic

Front 14

The top number for blood pressure is called ________________.

Back 14

Systolic

Front 15

The average range for pupil size in room light is ____________.

Back 15

2.5-5.0mm

Front 16

Name the categories that slow pupils reaction to light.

Back 16

CNS Depressants, CNS Stimulants, Inhalants

Front 17

How many validated clues are in the Finger to Nose test?

Back 17

None

Front 18

Name the three types of alcohol.

Back 18

Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropyl

Front 19

Where is most alcohol absorbed in the human body?

Back 19

Small intestine

Front 20

Where is alcohol metabolized in the human body?

Back 20

Liver

Front 21

Which category does not elevate pulse rate?

Back 21

Narcotic Analgesics

Front 22

Methamphetamine is also referred to as ____________.

Back 22

Crank

Front 23

MPPP is included in which drug category?

Back 23

Narcotic Analgesics

Front 24

Name the muscle at the bottom of the stomach that allows alcohol to pass through and into the remainder of the body.

Back 24

Pylorus or Pyloric Valve

Front 25

Name the enzyme that helps break down alcohol.

Back 25

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Front 26

Define Poly Drug use.

Back 26

Where an individual ingests drugs from two or more drug categories

Front 27

The gap or space between two nerve cells is called ___________.

Back 27

Synapse or Synaptic Gap

Front 28

Define "Tachycardia".

Back 28

Abnormally rapid heart rate.

Front 29

Define "Pupillary Unrest".

Back 29

The continuous, irregular change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under room or steady light conditions.

Front 30

Name the psycho-physical test(s) included in the DRE evaluation that have no validated clues.

Back 30

Modified Romberg Balance Test

Finger to Nose Test

Front 31

Define Miosis.

Back 31

Abnormally constricted pupils

Front 32

Define Mydriasis.

Back 32

Abnormally dilated pupils

Front 33

Define Korotkoff sounds.

Back 33

A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic range to the diastolic range.

Front 34

How many phases are there when listening to Korotkoff sounds?

Back 34

5 phases

Front 35

BAC = ?

Back 35

BAC = 50 - Angle of onset.

Front 36

Oxycodone belongs to what two sub-categories of Narcotic Analgesics?

Back 36

Opium Derivatives, Synthetic Opiates

Front 37

In the 2013-14 Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers, what percentage of drivers, using both blood and oral fluids tests, tested positive for drugs?

Back 37

20%

Front 38

In what year was the LAPD Field Validation Study conducted?

Back 38

1985

Front 39

In what year was the John Hopkins validation study conucted?

Back 39

1984

Front 40

Name the court case that established HGN as admissible in court.

Back 40

State of Arizona V. Blake

Front 41

What must you do if you deviate from the 12 steps during a DRE evaluation?

Back 41

Document in report why and how you deviated from the 12 step process

Front 42

Name in order the steps in the DRE evaluation.

Back 42

1. Breath Alcohol Test

2. Interview of Arresting Officer

3. Preliminary Examination - including 1st pulse, estimation for angle of onset, estimation of pupil size

4. Eye Examination

5. Divided Attention Test

a. Romberg Balance

b. Walk and Turn

c. One Leg Stand

d. Finger to Nose

6. Vital Signs - including 2nd pulse

7. Dark Room Check of pupil size and Ingestion Exam

8. Check Muscle tone

9. Check Injection sites - including 3rd pulse

10. Interrogation, Statements, and other observations

11. Opinion of Evaluator

12. Toxicological Examination

Front 43

Spell the name for the tool used to check blood pressure and correctly identify the main parts of that tool.

Back 43

Sphygmomanometer

-compression cuff

-manometer

-pressure bulb

-pressure control valve

-tubes

Front 44

Identify the average pupil size and the ranges for a non-impaired individual in room light, near total darkness, and direct light.

Back 44

Room light: 4.0 with range of 2.5-5.0mm

Near total darkness: 6.5 with range of 5.0-8.5mm

Direct Light: 3.0 with range of 2.0-4.5mm

Front 45

Blood pressure is measured in what value?

Back 45

mmHg

Front 46

"Hg" in the blood pressure value stands for what?

Back 46

Mercury

Front 47

Define Synesthesia.

Back 47

Mixing of the senses

Front 48

Name the sub-categories of Narcotic Analgesics.

Back 48

1. Natural Opiates also known as Derivatives of Opium

2. Synthetics

Front 49

Define Synthetic Narcotic Analgesics.

Back 49

produced chemically in a laboratory and are not derived from Opium but produce similar effects.

Front 50

Define Analgesic.

Back 50

Pain reliever

Front 51

What is the known active ingredient in Cannabis?

Back 51

Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC

Front 52

"Speedball" is street name for what combination?

Back 52

Cocaine and Heroine

Front 53

"Poor Man's Speedball" is street name for what combination?

Back 53

Heroin and Ampheti

Front 54

"Fireball" is street name for what combination?

Back 54

Heroin and PCP

Front 55

"Space Base" is street name for what combination?

Back 55

"Crack" Cocaine and PCP

Front 56

"Primo" is street name for what combination?

Back 56

"Crack" Cocaine and Marijuana

Front 57

"Croak" is street name for what combination?

Back 57

"Crack" Cocaine and Methamphetamines

Front 58

Name the three reasons for the Drug Evaluation process.

Back 58

1. Establish that the subject is impaired

2. Rule out medical impairment

3. Determine the category of drugs involved

Front 59

Describe the "Frye Standard".

Back 59

Procedure or principle espoused, accepted by the relevant scientific community - traditional test for admissibility of "new" scientific evidence.

Front 60

What year was the Frye Standard set by the Supreme Court?

Back 60

1923

Front 61

How long should an evaluator wait before taking the subjects blood pressure again in the same arm?

Back 61

3 minutes

Front 62

What should be done just prior to taking the subject's blood pressure and why?

Back 62

Pulse should be taken before blood pressure because the pulse would be inaccurate if taken after.

Front 63

Describe Rebound Dilation.

Back 63

A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and does not return to its' original constricted size.

Front 64

Describe Bradycardia

Back 64

Abnormally slow heart rate

Front 65

Name three types of Nystagmus.

Back 65

1. Post Rotational

2. Opto-Kinetic

3. Drug Induced

Front 66

Name the systems of the human physiology

Back 66

Muscular, Urinary, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Reproductive, Skeletal, Integumentary, Nervous, Circulatory

Front 67

Describe Homeostasis.

Back 67

Dynamic Balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars, and other material in the body's fluids.

Front 68

What is unique about the Pulmonary artery.

Back 68

The only artery that carries de-oxygenated blood.

Front 69

What system is driven by the left side of the heart and controls the blood flow to the whole body.

Back 69

Systemic System

Front 70

What system is driven by the right side of the heart and controls the blood flow through the lungs.

Back 70

Pulmonary System

Front 71

The gap between two neurons is called _______________.

Back 71

Synapse or Synaptic gap

Front 72

The "Fight or Flight" responses in the body are controlled by the _____________ _______________.

Back 72

Sympathetic Nerves.

Front 73

The body's natural pain killers are _____________.

Back 73

Endorphins

Front 74

The nerves that relax and create tranquil activities in the human body are ______________ ________________.

Back 74

Parasympathetic Nerves

Front 75

Describe "Downside Effect".

Back 75

When the body reacts to the presence of a drug by releasing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.

Front 76

Diazepam is also known as _____________.

Back 76

Valium

Front 77

Describe Metabolite.

Back 77

A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.

Front 78

Nerves that carry messages away from the brain are ________________ __________________.

Back 78

Efferent Nerves (Motor Nerves)

Front 79

Nerves that carry messages to the brain are _____________ ________________.

Back 79

Afferent Nerves (Sensory Nerves)

Front 80

________________ carry blood away from the heart

Back 80

Arteries

Front 81

What are the two types of nerves that make up the autonomic nervous system?

Back 81

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves

Front 82

Vital signs that are relevant to the drug influence evaluation are:

Back 82

Pulse, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature

Front 83

Pulse is recorded in _______ _______ __________

Back 83

Beats per minute (BPM)

Front 84

Describe Arrythmia.

Back 84

Abnormal heart rhythm

Front 85

Why do you not use your thumb to take pulse readings?

Back 85

Because your thumb has its' own pulse

Front 86

Describe the Daubert Standard

Back 86

Shows reliability before scientific evidence can be admitted.

Front 87

Name the most commonly abused drug of the Narcotic Analgesics.

Back 87

Heroin

Front 88

Name the three types of Inhalants.

Back 88

1. Volatile Solvents

2. Aerosols

3. Anesthetic Gases

Front 89

Define Hypotension.

Back 89

Abnormally low blood pressure

Front 90

Define Hypertension.

Back 90

Abnormally high blood pressure

Front 91

Name the two individuals who played a major role in the development of the DRE program.

Back 91

Dick Studdard - LAPD Traffic Officer

Len Leeds - LAPD Narcotics Officer

Front 92

The Johns Hopkins laboratory validation study used what drugs?

Back 92

Secobarbital, Valium, Amphetamine, Marijuana

Front 93

At what step(s) in the 12 Step DRE evaluation is the pulse taken?

Back 93

3, 6, 9

Front 94

What measurement are the diameters of the pupils measured in when using a pupillometer?

Back 94

millimeters

Front 95

Name the four validated clues in the One Leg Stand test.

Back 95

Sways, Hops, Uses arms for balance, Puts foot down

Front 96

Name the eight validated clues of the Walk and Turn test.

Back 96

Instruction Phase: Starts too soon, looses balance

Performance Phase: Stops while walking, misses heel to toe, steps off line, uses arms to balance, improper turn, incorrect number of steps

Front 97

Name the validated clues for the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.

Back 97

Lack of Smooth Pursuit, Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at maximum deviation, angle of onset of nystagmus

Front 98

Define Physiology.

Back 98

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

Front 99

Name the three types of muscles in the human body.

Back 99

Heart or cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, striated muscles

Front 100

Hormones are secreted from glands in which system of the body?

Back 100

Endocrine System

Front 101

Name and describe the parts of a neuron.

Back 101

Axon - sends the neurotransmitters

Dendrite - Receives the neurotransmitters

Synapse or Synaptic Gap - Gap between two neurons

Front 102

Name a sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drug.

Back 102

Sympathomimetic - Cocaine (Stimulants)

Parasympathomimetic - Valium (Depressants)

Front 103

Define "Medical Rule-Out".

Back 103

A determination made by a DRE that the condition of a suspected impaired driver is more likely related to a medical issue that has affected the subjects's ability to operate a vehicle safely.

Front 104

What vein carries oxygenated blood?

Back 104

Pulmonary Vein

Front 105

Ingesting Drugs from two or more drug categories is called ____________

Back 105

Polydrug use

Front 106

The "FIRST" DRE "laboratory" validation study was the ______________

Back 106

John Hopkins Study

Front 107

In the Los Angeles "FIELD" validation study, slightly more than what percentage of the subjects examined were found to have more than one drug in their system.

Back 107

70%

Front 108

Which drug was the most detected drug in the LAPD DRE "FIELD" study.

Back 108

PCP

Front 109

What is the ARTERY used in the measurement of blood pressure.

Back 109

Brachial

Front 110

What is the sequence when administering SFST's during the "DRE" process.

Back 110

Modified Romberg Balance, Walk and Turn, One Leg Stand, and Finger-to-Nose.

Front 111

Sympathomimetic drugs artificially cause the transmission of message that produce ________ blood pressure and Pulse Rate.

Back 111

Elevated

Front 112

Pulmonary artery is unique because it is the only artery that __________________________

Back 112

Carries blood depleted of oxygen.

Front 113

Which DRE drug categories cause a Lack of Convergence.

Back 113

Cannabis, Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, and CNS Depressants. (D.I.D.C.)

Front 114

What DRE drug categories cause Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.

Back 114

Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, and CNS Depressants. (D.I.D.)

Front 115

What is the name of the pulse point located in the crease of the wrist.

Back 115

Radial

Front 116

Bruxism is usually associated with someone under the influence of what DRE drug category.

Back 116

CNS Stimulants

Front 117

What is a Flashback?

Back 117

A vivid recollection of a hallucinogen experience.

Front 118

What are three types of flashbacks.

Back 118

1. Emotional

2. Somatic

3. Perceptual

Front 119

Name three naturally occurring Hallucinogens.

Back 119

Peyote, Psilocybin, and Salvia Divinorum.

Front 120

What is a "BAD TRIP"

Back 120

A terrifying flashback.

Front 121

What does "Psychotomimetic" mean.

Back 121

Something that mimics psychosis.

Front 122

What is an Illusion.

Back 122

False perception (I see an Elephant)

Front 123

What is a delusion.

Back 123

False belief (I am an Elephant)

Front 124

Whats is the difference between "Hallucinations" and "Pseudo-Hallucinations".

Back 124

Pseudo - Users are typically aware what they are seeing, hearing, smelling isn't real and is caused by the drugs.

Front 125

What is "Piloerection"

Back 125

Goosebumps

Front 126

What must a NON-PDR source include.

Back 126

1. Be less than 5 years old

2. Be readily Available.

3. Be periodically updated.

4. Be utilized by practioners / Scientific / Healthcare fields.

5. At a minimum contain; Drug name, forms, actions, and side effects.

Front 127

What drug is not in the PDR.

Back 127

Heroin

Front 128

What are the 6 MAJOR sub categories of CNS Depressants. C.A.B.A.N.A.

Back 128

1. Combined (Combination) Depressants

2. Anti Anxiety

3. Barbituates

4. Anti- Depressants

5. Non-Barbituates

6. Anti- Psychotic

Front 129

Name the (4) groups Depressants based on Onset and duration time factors.

Back 129

1. Ultra Short

2. Short

3. Intermediate

4. Long

Front 130

CNS Depressants that cause pupils to Dilate

Back 130

Soma and Quaaludes

Front 131

Generic name for the drug Prozac.

Back 131

Fluoxetine

Front 132

What is the trade name for drug "Alprazolam"

Back 132

Xanax

Front 133

What is the name of the sub-category of CNS Depressants that is also known as the "Minor Tranquilizers"?

Back 133

Anti-Anxiety

Front 134

Where is the Radial Artery Pulse?

Back 134

Crease of the wrist.

Front 135

Average pupil size Near total Darkness and range.

Back 135

6.5mm

Range 5.0mm - 8.5mm

Front 136

Average pupil size Direct Light and range.

Back 136

3.0mm

Range 2.0mm - 4.5mm

Front 137

Average pupil size Room Light and range.

Back 137

4.0mm

Range 2.5mm - 5.0mm

Front 138

Inability to cross the eyes is referred to as?

Back 138

Lack of Convergence

Front 139

Needle gauges, which is larger a 14 or 20?

Back 139

14

Front 140

In 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug use by drivers, more than ____ % of drivers, tested positive for at lease one ILLEGAL drug?

Back 140

15%

Front 141

Term: Dissociative Anesthetic

Back 141

Cutting off or dissociating the brains perception of pain, inducing state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and analgesia.

Front 142

ACCOMODATION REFLEX

Back 142

The adjustment of the eyes at various distances. The pupils of the eyes will automatically constrict as objects move closer.

Front 143

ADDICTION

Back 143

habitual, psychological, and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one’s voluntary control.

Front 144

ADDITIVE EFFECT

Back 144

two drugs affect the indicator in the same way. For example, cocaine elevates pulse rate and PCP also elevates pulse rate. The combination of cocaine and PCP produces an additive effect on pulse rate.

Front 145

AFFERENT NERVES

Back 145

Sensory Nerves.

Front 146

ALKALOID

Back 146

A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance. morphine is a natural alkaloid of opium. It does not require a chemical reaction to produce morphine from opium.

Front 147

ANALGESIC

Back 147

A drug that relieves or allays pain.

Front 148

ANALOG (of a drug)

Back 148

An analog of a drug is a chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. Ketamine is an analog of PCP.

Front 149

ANESTHETIC

Back 149

A drug that produces a general or local insensibility to pain and other
sensation.

Front 150

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT

Back 150

two drugs affect the indicator in opposite ways.heroin constricts pupils while cocaine dilates pupils. The combination of heroin and cocaine produces an antagonistic effect on pupil size.

Front 151

ARRHYTHMIA

Back 151

An abnormal heart rhythm.

Front 152

ARTERY

Back 152

The strong, elastic blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Front 153

ATAXIA

Back 153

A blocked ability to coordinate movements. A staggering walk and poor balance may be caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord. results of trauma, birth defect, infection, tumor or drug use.

Front 154

AUTONOMIC NERVE

Back 154

A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. Two kinds of autonomic nerves, the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves

Front 155

AXON

Back 155

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter.

Front 156

BAC

Back 156

(Blood Alcohol Concentration) – The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood.

Front 157

BrAC

Back 157

(Breath Alcohol Concentration) – The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood as measured by a breath testing device.

Front 158

BLOOD PRESSURE

Back 158

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously, as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.

Front 159

BRADYCARDIA

Back 159

Abnormally slow heart rate; pulse rate below the normal range.

Front 160

BRADYPNEA

Back 160

Abnormally slow rate of breathing.

Front 161

BRUXISM

Back 161

Grinding the teeth. This behavior is often seen in persons who are under the influence of cocaine or other CNS stimulants.

Front 162

CANNABIS

Back 162

Cannabis includes marijuana, hashish,
hash oil and marinol.

Front 163

Species of plants from which marijuana and related products are
made

Back 163

Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indicia

Front 164

CARBOXY THC

Back 164

A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

Front 165

CHEYNE–STOKES RESPIRATION

Back 165

Abnormal pattern of breathing. Marked by breathlessness and deep, fast
breathing.

Front 166

CNS (Central Nervous System)

Back 166

A system within the body consisting of the brain, the brain stem and the spinal
cord.

Front 167

CNS DEPRESSANTS

Back 167

CNS depressants include alcohol,
barbiturates, anti–anxiety tranquilizers and numerous other drugs.

Front 168

CNS STIMULANTS

Back 168

CNS stimulants include cocaine, the
amphetamines, ritalin, preludin and numerous other drugs.

Front 169

CONJUNCTIVITIS

Back 169

An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy or outside factors and may be bacterial or viral.

Front 170

CONVERGENCE

Back 170

The "crossing" of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a
stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of his or her nose.

Front 171

CRACK/ROCK

Back 171

Cocaine base, appears as a hard, solid form resembling pebbles or small rocks. It produces a very intense, but relatively short duration "high".

Front 172

CURRICULUM VITAE

Back 172

A written summary of a person’s education, training, experience, noteworthy achievements and other information about a particular topic

Front 173

CYCLIC BEHAVIOR

Back 173

A manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the subject alternates between periods (or cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm.Cyclic behavior, sometimes will be observed in persons under the
influence of PCP.

Front 174

DELIRIUM

Back 174

A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech,restlessness and possible hallucinations.

Front 175

DENDRITE

Back 175

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter

Front 176

DIACETYL MORPHINE

Back 176

The chemical name for Heroin.

Front 177

DIASTOLIC

Back 177

The lowest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded or relaxed (Diastole).

Front 178

DIPLOPIA

Back 178

Double vision.

Front 179

DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC

Back 179

Includes drugs that inhibit pain by cutting off or "disassociating" the brain's perception of pain. PCP and it’s analogs are considered dissociative anesthetics.

Front 180

DIVIDED ATTENTION

Back 180

Concentrating on more than 1task at a time. The 4 psychophysical tests used by DREs require the subject to divide attention.

Front 181

DOWNSIDE EFFECT

Back 181

An effect that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed

Front 182

DRUG

Back 182

Any substance, which when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.

Front 183

DYSPNEA

Back 183

Shortness of breath.

Front 184

DYSMETRIA

Back 184

An abnormal condition that prevents the affected person from properly
estimating distances linked to muscular movements.

Front 185

DYSPHORIA

Back 185

A mood disorder. Feelings of depression and anguish.

Front 186

EFFERENT NERVES

Back 186

see motor nerves

Front 187

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Back 187

The network of glands that do not have ducts and other structures. They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of functions in the body.

Front 188

EXPERT WITNESS

Back 188

A person skilled in some art, trade, science or profession, having knowledge of matters not within the knowledge of persons of average education, learning and experience

Front 189

FLASHBACK

Back 189

A vivid recollection of a portion of an hallucination. 1) emotional–feelings of panic, fear,(2) somatic –altered body sensations, tremors, dizziness,(3) perceptual–distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc.

Front 190

GARRULITY

Back 190

Chatter, rambling or pointless speech. Talkative.

Front 191

HALLUCINATION

Back 191

sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, e.g.
seeing, hearing, smelling or feeling something that isn't really there.

Front 192

HALLUCINOGENS

Back 192

One of the seven drug categories. Hallucinogens include LSD, MDMA, peyote, psilocybin and numerous other drugs.

Front 193

HASHISH

Back 193

A form of Cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana
plant.

Front 194

HASH OIL

Back 194

it is a highly concentrated syrup–like
oil extracted from marijuana. THC content usually 10% to 12%.

Front 195

HEROIN

Back 195

A powerful and widely–abused narcotic analgesic that is chemically derived from morphine. The chemical, or generic name of heroin is "diacetyl morphine"

Front 196

HIPPUS

Back 196

A rhythmic pulsating of the pupils of the eyes, as they dilate and constrict
within fixed limits.

Front 197

HOMEOSTASIS

Back 197

The dynamic balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars,
and other materials in the body's fluids.

Front 198

HORIZONTAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS (HGN)

Back 198

Involuntary jerking of the eyes occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.

Front 199

HORMONES

Back 199

Chemicals produced by the body's endocrine system that are carried through the blood stream to the target organ.

Front 200

HYDROXY THC

Back 200

A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).

Front 201

HYPERFLEXIA

Back 201

Exaggerated or over extended motions.

Front 202

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Back 202

Excess sugar in the blood.

Front 203

HYPERPNEA

Back 203

A deep, rapid or labored breathing.

Front 204

HYPERPYREXIA

Back 204

Extremely high body temperature.

Front 205

HYPERREFLEXIA

Back 205

A neurological condition marked by increased reflex reactions.

Front 206

HYPERTENSION

Back 206

Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypotension.

Front 207

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Back 207

An abnormal decrease of blood sugar levels.

Front 208

HYPOTENSION

Back 208

Abnormally low blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypertension.

Front 209

HYPOTHERMIA

Back 209

Decreased body temperature.

Front 210

ICE

Back 210

A crystalline form of methamphetamine that produces a very intense and fairly
long–lasting "high".

Front 211

INHALANTS

Back 211

The inhalants include volatile solvents (such as glue and gasoline), aerosols (such as hair spray and insecticides) and anesthetic gases (such as nitrous oxide).

Front 212

INSUFFLATION

Back 212

snorting

Front 213

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Back 213

The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails

Front 214

INTRAOCULAR

Back 214

"Within the eyeball".

Front 215

KOROTKOFF SOUNDS

Back 215

A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic
value.

Front 216

LACK OF CONVERGENCE

Back 216

The inability of a person's eyes to converge, or "cross" as the person attempts to focus on a stimulus

Front 217

MARIJUANA

Back 217

Common term for the Cannabis Sativa plant.

Front 218

MARINOL

Back 218

A drug containing a synthetic form of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

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METABOLISM

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The sum of all chemical processes that take place in the body as they relate to the movements of nutrients in the blood after digestion, resulting in growth, energy, release of wastes and other body functions.

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METABOLITE

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A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.

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MIOSIS

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Abnormally constricted pupils.

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MOTOR NERVES

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Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body's muscles, tissues, and organs. Motor nerves are also known as efferent nerves.

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MYDRIASIS

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Abnormally dilated pupils.

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NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

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opium, the natural alkaloids of opium (such as morphine, codeine and thebaine), the derivatives of opium (heroin, dilaudid, percodan oxycodone), the synthetic narcotics (demerol numorphan).

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NERVE

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A cord–like fiber that carries messages either to or from the brain.

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NEURON

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A nerve cell. The basic functional unit of a nerve. It contains a nucleus within
a cell body with one or more axons and dendrites.

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NEUROTRANSMITTER

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Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, and that carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.

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NULL EFFECT

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two drugs produce a null effect if neither of them affects that indicator. PCP does not affect pupil size and alcohol doesnt affect pupil size.

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NYSTAGMUS

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An involuntary jerking of the eyes.

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"ON THE NOD"

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A state of deep relaxation, induced by impairment due to heroin or other
narcotic analgesic. The subject's eyelids droop and chin rests on the chest. Subject may appear to be asleep

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OVERLAPPING EFFECT

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two drugs produce an overlapping effect if one of them affects the
indicator but the other doesn't. cocaine dilates pupils whilealcohol doesn't affect pupil size.

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PALLOR

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An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin.

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PARANOIA

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Mental disorder characterized by delusions and the projection of personal conflicts, that are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others.

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PARAPHERNALIA

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kinds of tools and other equipment used to store, transport or ingest a drug.

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PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE

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An autonomic nerve that commands the body to relax and to carry out tranquil activities. "at ease" commands to the muscles, tissues and organs.

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PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS

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Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters associated with the parasympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce lower BP, drowsiness,

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PHENCYCLIDINE

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A contraction of PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE, or PCP.

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PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE (PCP)

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Often called "phencyclidine" or “PCP”, it is a specific drug belonging to the
Dissociative Anesthetics category.

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PHYSIOLOGY

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The study of living organisms and the changes that occur during activity.

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PILOERECTION

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Literally "hair standing up" or goose bumps. This condition of the skin is often observed in persons who are under the influence of LSD.

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POLYDRUG USE

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Ingesting drugs from two or more drug categories.

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PSYCHEDELIC

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A mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified or altered
sensory perception sometimes accompanied by hallucinations.

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PSYCHOPHYSICAL TESTS

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Methods of investigating the mental (psycho–) and physical characteristics of a person suspected of alcohol or drug impairment.

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PSYCHOTOGENETIC

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"creating psychosis" or "giving birth to insanity"

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PSYCHOTOMIMETIC

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"mimicking psychosis" or "impersonating insanity".

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PTOSIS

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Droopy eyelids.

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PULSE

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The expansion and relaxation of the walls of an artery, caused by the surging flow of blood.

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PULSE RATE

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The number of expansions of an artery per minute.

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REBOUND DILATION

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A period of constriction followed by dilation with a change equal to or greater than 2 mm.

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RESTING NYSTAGMUS

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Jerking of the eyes as they look straight ahead.

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SCLERA

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A dense white fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external
covering of the eyeball (i.e. the white part of the eye).

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SENSORY NERVES

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Nerves that carry messages to the brain from the various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.). Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.

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SINSEMILLA

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The unpollenated female cannabis plant, having a relatively high concentration of THC.

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SFST

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Standardized Field Sobriety Testing.3 SFSTs, namely Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN), Walk and Turn and One Leg Stand.

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SNORTING

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The user rapidly draws the drug up into the nostril, usually via a paper or glass tube

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SPHYGMOMANOMETER

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A medical device used to measure blood pressure.

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STETHOSCOPE

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A medical instrument used for drug evaluation and classification purposes in order to listen to the sounds produced by blood passing through an artery

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SYMPATHETIC NERVE

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autonomic nerve that commands the body to react in response to excitement, stress, fear, etc. The brain uses sympathetic nerves to send "wake up calls" and "fire alarms" to the muscles, tissues and organs.

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SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS

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Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nerves.
These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce elevated BP, dilated pupils

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SYNAPSE

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The gap or space between two neurons (nerve cells).

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SYNESTHESIA

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A sensory perception disorder, in which an input via one sense is perceived by the brain as an input via another sense.

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SYSTOLIC

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The highest value of blood pressure

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TACHYCARDIA

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Abnormally rapid heart rate; pulse rate above the normal range.

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TACHYPNEA

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Abnormally rapid rate of breathing.

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THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

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The principal psychoactive ingredient in drugs belonging to the cannabis
category.

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TOLERANCE

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adjustment of the drug user's body and brain to the repeated presence of the drug. As tolerance develops, the user will experience diminishing psychoactive effects from the same dose of the drug. A

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TRACKS

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Scar tissue usually produced by repeated injection of drugs, via hypodermic needle, along a segment of a vein.

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VERTICAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS

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An involuntary jerking of the eyes (up and down) which occurs as the eyes are held at maximum elevation.

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VOIR DIRE

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In a law or court context, one application of voir dire is to question a witness to assess his or her qualifications to be considered an expert in some matter pending before the court.

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VOLUNTARY NERVE

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A motor nerve that carries messages to a muscle that we consciously control.

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WITHDRAWAL

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This occurs in someone who is physically addicted to a drug when he or she is
deprived of the drug.