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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Suppositories are a _________ dosage form
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solid
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Suppositories are usually ___________
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medicated
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typical weight of rectal suppositories
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2gm
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typical weight of vaginal suppositories
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5gm
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typical weight of femal urethral suppositories
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2gm
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typical weight of a male urethral suppository
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4gm
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typical weight of a pediatric suppository
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1gm
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The use of a suppository is to administer drugs for either ____________ or _____________ application
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systemic or local
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T/F:
One of the advantages of using suppositories over the oral form is that the acidic pH of the stomach or enzymes will destroy the drug. |
true
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T/F:
Another advantage over oral drug therapy is that in oral therapy drugs can be destroyed by first liver passage |
true
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After rectal insertion: ______ to ________% of the drug will be absorbed into blood circulation
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50-70%
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The drug is absorbed via the __________ hemorrhoidal vein, the _____ HV and the ________ HV
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inferior, middle, superior
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bottom to the top
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some examples of systemic action suppositories are: hemorrhoid, fungal, bacterial, chronic inflammation, constipation
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false- these are examples of local action suppositories
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think about the speed involved in local vs. systemic
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If you mix a hydrophobic drug and a hydrophobic base, you will see a _________ release.
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slow
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speed
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if you mix a hydrophilic drug with a hydrophobic base, you will see a ___________ release
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faster
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speed
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fatty bases are _________ bases
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oleaginous
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water soluble bases are also known as _______ bases
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miscible
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three things make up the composition of a suppository. They are: _______________, ________________, ___________
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active ingredient, additives, suppository base
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medicine, emulsifiers, preservatives, main substance to form
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Some local action medications used in suppositories include: _______________, _______________, ___________, ____________
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clotrimazole,framycetin, bismuth subgallate,hydrocortison
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antifungal,antibacterial,astringent,anti-inflammation
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T/F: using propanolol via suppository can be better because of its low bioavailability. Orally, it has a high first pass effect and is almost gone
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true
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a systemic suppository used for GI irritation would be ____________________
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indomethacin
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a systemic suppository used for nausea would be _________________
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domperidone
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a systemic suppository used for an analgesic would be ____________________
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oxymorphone HCl
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some additives to suppositories are ___________, such as cetylalcohol, propylene glycol.
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plasticizers
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adding an antioxidant to a suppository will __________ the shelf life.
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increase
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increase/decrease
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Theobroma oil is also known as ______________
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cocoa butter
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in theobroma oil, all of the acids are bonded to ______________, forming an important number of ______________, that result in cocoa butter.
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ghycerin, triglycerides
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20% of the triglycerides in cocoa butter are of the ____ type, 55% are ____ type and 5% are _____.
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SOS,POS,PSP
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in the types of triglycerides in cocoa butter:
S=______ P=______ O=_______ |
S=stearic acid, P=palmitic acid, O=oleic acid
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T/F: Theobroma oil is a mixture of liquid triglycerides entrapped in a network of crystalline, solid triglycerides
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true
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at temperatures of ___________, cocoa butter is a hard amorphous solid, but at body temperature, it will melt into a ______, non-______ oil.
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15 to 25C, bland, non-irritating
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a melting point of 34-36 C would indicate the ______ crystal form of cocoa butter
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beta
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a melting point of 27C would indicate the ______ crystal form of cocoa butter
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beta'
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a melting point of 22C would indicate the ________ crystal of cocoa butter
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alpha
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a melting point of 18C would indicate the ___________ crystal of cocoa butter
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gamma
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synthetic triglyceride(oil soluble) bases consist of _______________ vegetable oils, do not exhibit ________________ and are _______ expensive
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hydrogenated, polymorphism, more
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synthetic triglycerides are not __________ in color like cocoa butter
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yellow
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color
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fattybases are stable with a ___________ irritation profile, they need ___ special storage conditions.
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low, no
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fattybases exhibit ___________ mold release characteristics and are solid with a melting point of ___ to ___ C
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excellent, 35-37
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some examples of water soluble bases are ______________ gelatin and _______ polymers
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glycerinated, PEG
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glycerinated gelatin suppositories are composed of ________% glycering, 20% gelatin and 10% water
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70%
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glycerinated gelatin suppositories should be packaged in tight containers, as they are ______________
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hygroscopic
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take up water.
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glycerinated gelatin suppositories are not recommended as a rectal suppository base as they may exert an ______ effect and a ___________ reflex.
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osmotic, defecation
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glycerinated gelatin suppositories are often used for _________ suppositories
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vaginal
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where.
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Water soluble bases are __________ in appearance
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translucent
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Which of the following statements is false? When preparing suppositories, the density factor:
a)is used to determine how much of a base will be displaced by a drug b) can experimentally be determined by the double casting technique c0 need not to be considered when cocoa butter is used as a base d) is the ratio between the weight of the drug and the weight of base displaced |
c is false
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T/F: PEG polymers are chemically stable, immiscible with water and mucouse secretions
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false- they are miscible with water and mucous secretions
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PEG polymers can be formulated either by _________ or __________
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molding or compression
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T/F: PEG polymers are incompatible with silver salts, tannic acid, aminopyrine, quinine, aspirin, benzocaine, and sulfonamides
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true
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T/F: PEG polymers can be stored or dispensed in a polystyrene prescription vial.
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false. the PEG will adversely interact with polystyrene. Use glass containers
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T/F: one of the major disadvantages of PEG polymers is their incompatability with a large number of drugs.
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true
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T/F: sodium barbital, salicylic acid, camphor can be used with PEG polymers
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false: they will crystallize out of PEG suppositories
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If you use an oil-soluble drug in a water soluble base, you will have a ________ release
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moderate
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If you use an oil soluble drug in an oily base, you will have a __________ release
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slow
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If you use a water-soluble drug in a water-soluble base, you will have a _____________ release, based on __________
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moderate, diffusion
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if you use a water-soluble drug in an oily base, you will have a __________ release
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rapid
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T/F: compression-molded (fused) suppositories are the most common industrial form
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true
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_________ or __________ molding are the most common techniques used in pharmacies to make suppositories
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fusion, melt
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T/F: liquid topical preparations include: liniments, lotions,paints,ear drops
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true
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An example of a liniment would be Sloans embrocation. The main ingredient being _____________
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methyl salicylate
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An example of a lotion would be Histamed. The main ingredient being _____________
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mepyramine maleate
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The main ingredient in Waxol NF is ______________
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docusate Na.
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an example of an aeorsol would be __________________
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solarcaine (benzocaine)
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an example of a gel would be _____________
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indocid (indomethacin) or voltaren emulgel (diclophenac Na)
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an example of a powder would be ___________________
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cicatren (neomycin sulfate)
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In the model of oral dosage form performance:
dosage form->drug in solution->gut wall->_____________->site of activity->_______________ |
blood, therapeutic effect
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in the model of oral dosage form performance, where would the pharmacokinetic measurement take place
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blood
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in the model of oral dosage form performance, where would the clinical/PD measurement take place
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therapeutic effect
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in the model of topical dosage form performance:
dosage form->______________->site of activity->____________->_____________ |
drug in skin,therapeutic effect, blood
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T/F: semi-solid topical products are complex dosage forms
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true
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T/F: the skin is a homogeneous "slab" of tissue.
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false- it is not a homogeneous slab of tissue
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The skin is the heaviest organ in the body, it makes up ___% of body weight.
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16
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The skin has five functions: they are protection,homeostasis(water/temp), sensory,_______________(vitamin D production), _____________ (via sweat glands)
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secretory, excretory
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The epidermis of the skin is made up of ___ layers
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5
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the epidermis is compsed of layers of ________________
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keratinocytes
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The epidermis provides __________ protection, prevents __________ loss and keeps _________________ from invading the body
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mechanical,fluid,microorganisms
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There are ______ vessels in the epidermis
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no
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Which layer of the epidermis has keratinocytes call corneocytes.
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s. corneum
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the s.corneum is _______ layers in thick skin and ______- layers in thin skin.
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15-20,3-4
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the s.corneum has flattened non-nucleated cells filled with ___________ filaments
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keratin
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which layer of epidermis has surface cells that are constantly sloughed off?
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s.corneum
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Which layer of epidermis is more common in thick skin and is not present in all species.
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s.lucidum
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Which layer of epidermis is 3-5 layers of polygonal cells with central nuclei and many basophilic granules
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s. granulosum
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Which layer of epidermis is cuboidal, polygonal or squamous cells and greatly thickened in palmar and plantar skin. It also has some mitotic cells in the basal part
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s. spinosum
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which layer of epidermis has merkel cells and melanocytes
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s. basale/germinativum
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which layer of epidermis has Langerhans cells? Langerhans cells are for ______________
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s.spinosum. immunity
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which layer of epidermis has merkel cells? Merkel cells are for _______________
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s.germinativum. sensitivity
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skin color is due to __________ amount and ____________ content
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melanin, carotene
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melanin is produced by _______________ in the s._________________
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melanocytes, s. basale
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epidermal cells syntesize what vitamin when exposed to UV light
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vitamin D3(cholecalciferol)
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The dermis is the connective tissue ________ for the epidermis
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support
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T/F: the dermis contains nerves, skin appendages, and lymphatic blood vessels.
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true
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T/F: the dermis contains loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to subjacent organs and tissuies.
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false-it's the hypodermis
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the hypodermis is made up of ______________ connective tissue
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adipose
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camouflage,protective layer,insect repellants, antimicrobials would effect which interfacial boundary
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surface
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antiperspirants, exfolients, antibiotics,depilatories would effect which interfacial boundary
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appendages
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anti-inlammitories and anaesthetics would effect which interfacial boundary
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viable epidermis
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antipruretics and antihistamines would effect which interfacial boundary
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dermis corneum
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transdermal systems and NTG would effect which interfacial boundary
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circulation
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what type of topical preparation would shield exposed skin surface from harmful stimuli.
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protectives
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what type of topical preparation would absorb moisture from the skin and local wounds, to discourage bacterial growth.
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absorbents
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what type of topical preparation would alleviate irritation of mucous membranes
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demulcents
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what type of topical preparation would be a fat or oily substance used to increase moisture content of the skin membranes
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emollients
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what type of topical preparation would coagulate blood, and help wounds and cuts heal quickly
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astringents
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Which type of topical preparation would increase skin temp. by incresing circulation at the surface
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rubefacients
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what type of topical preparation would destroy skin at the applied site
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caustics
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what type of topical preparation would cause peeling of skin, and is useful in the treatment of eczema and acne
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keratolytics
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drug permeation across the skin is ___________
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very slow
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the most common routes for agents that must permeate the skin are ___________ and ________________.
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transepidermal and transappendageal
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topical dosage forms generally contain the following ingredients: ______________, _____________ and _________________
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base or body of the dosage form, medicinal agent(not always), preservative
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ointments and creams are ______________ dosage forms
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semi-solid
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ointments and creams are intended for ___________ application. they will have ______________ effects
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topical, localized
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ointments and creams are designed to deliver a drug to the ______________ in treating ____________ disorders
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skin, dermal
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ointments are semi-solid preparations intended for ____________ uses
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external
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hydrocarbon bases are also known as _______________ bases
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oleaginous
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hydrocarbon bases are: _______________ in water
________water washable ___________ abosorb water _______________, ________________ and ___________ |
insoluble,not,will not,emollient, occlusive, greasy
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some examples of hydrocarbon bases are: __________,___________,___________,_______________
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petrolatum,white petrolatum,yellow (simple) ointment and yellow wax
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T/F: upon application to the skin, a hydrocarbon base will form an adherent, continuous, greasy, water-repellant film.
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true
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the good occlusiveness of hydrocarbon bases can have an ____________ effect(hydrates skin) and can ___________ drug permeation
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emollient, enhance
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an example of a single phase absorption base is
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lanolin
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an example of a two phase absorption base is
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cold cream
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which of the following describes absorption bases:
a)insoluble in water,not water washable,anhydrous,can absorb water, emollient, occlusive, greasy. b)soluble in water,water washable,hydrous,can't absorb water, non-occlusive, non-greasy |
a
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lanolin can absorb up to _%of water
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30%
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emulsion bases are:
__________ in water,water ___________,________ absorb water, ___________ water,________, _____occlusive,___ greasy |
insoluble,washable,will,contains,emollient,non,non
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water soluble bases are: _______soluble,water_______,______ absorb water,_____occlusive,___greasy
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water,washable,will,non,non
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