Domjan Learning And Behavior Ch. 8

Front 1

Conditional relation

Back 1

a relation in which the significance of one stimulus or even depends on the status of another stimulus

Front 2

Configural-cue approach

Back 2

An approach to the analysis of control by compound stimuli that assumes that organisms respond to a compound stimulus as an integral whole rather than a collection of seperate and independent stimulus events (compare with stimulus element approach)

Front 3

Discriminitive stimulus

Back 3

a stimulus that controls the performance of instgrumental behavior because it signals the availability (or nonavailability) or reinforcement.

Front 4

excitatory stiumulus generalization gradient

Back 4

a gradient of responding that isobserved when organisms are tested for the S+ from a discrimination procedure and with stimuli that increasingly differ from the S+. The higher level of responding pccurs to stimuli similar to the S+; progressively less responding occurs to stimuli that increasingly differ from S+. Thus, the gradient has an inverted U shape.

Front 5

facilitation

Back 5

a procedure in which one cue designates when another cue will be reinforced. Allso called occasion setting.

Front 6

inhibitory stimulus generalization gradient

Back 6

a gradient of responding observed when organisms are tested with the S- from a discrimination procedure and with stimuli that increasingly differ from the S-. The lowest level of responding occurs to stimuli similar to the S-; progressively more responding occurs to stimuli that increasingly differ from S-. Thus the gradient has an inverted U shape.

Front 7

intradimensional discrimination

Back 7

a discrimination between stimuli that differ only in terms of the value of one stimulus feature, such as color, brightness or pitch

Front 8

modulator

Back 8

a stimulus that signals the relation between two other events. the nature of a binary relationship is determined by the modulator

Front 9

multiple schedule of reinforcement

Back 9

a procedure in which different reinforcement schedules are in effect in the presence of different stimuli presented in succession. generally, each stimulus comes to evoke a pattern of responding that corresponds to whatever reinforcement schedule is in effect during thsat stimulus.

Front 10

overshadowing

Back 10

interference with the conditioning of a stimulsus becausee of the simultaneous presence of another stimulus that is easier to condition

Front 11

peak shift

Back 11

a displaacement of the highest rate of responding in a stimulus generalization gradient away from the S+ in a direction opposite the S- after intradimensional discrimination training

Front 12

stimulus discrimination

Back 12

differential responding in the presence of 2 or more stimuli

Front 13

stimulus discrimination procedure (In classical conditioning)

Back 13

a classical conditioning procedure in which one stimulus (the CS+) is paired with the US on sime trials and another stimulus (The CS-) is presented without the US on other trials. As a result of this procedure, the CS+ comes to elicit a conditional response and teh CS- comes to inhibit the response (also called differential inhibition)

Front 14

stimulus discrimination procedure (In instrumental conditioning)

Back 14

a procedure in which reinforcement for responding is available whenever one stimulus (S+ or sD) is present and not available when another stimulus (S- or S(delta)) is present

Front 15

stimulus-element approach

Back 15

an approach to the analysis of control by compound stimuli that assumes that participants respond to a coumpound stimulus in terms of the stimulus elements that make up the compound (compare with configural-cue approach)

Front 16

stimuluis equivalence

Back 16

responding to physically distinct stimuli as if they were teh same because of common prior experience with the stimuli

Front 17

stimulus generalization

Back 17

the occurrence of behavior learned through habituation or conditioning in the presense of stimuli that are different from teh stimuli used during training.

Front 18

stimulus generalization gradient

Back 18

a gradient of responding that is observed if participants are tested with stimuli that increasingly differ from the stimulus that was present during training. (see also excitatory stimulus generalization gradiet and inhibitory stimulus generalization gradient.)