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76 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Why do women chose to stay
fear
low self esteem
pattern of abusive relationships
religious and societal values
support for staying
fix him
loves him
financial dependence
loves him
lack of housing
tried to leave
blame themselves
children
traditional beliefs
psychological/ physcial trauma
emotionla dependence
isolation
percieves no options
lack of legal aid
safer to stay
Battering is
a pattern of behavoirs that one person excersices to gain and or maintain control and power over another
What do abusers use to dominate their partners?
physical and sexual violence threats, emotional insults and economic deprivation as a way to dominate their partners and get their way
Battering can:
Physically harm, arouse fear, prevents a woman's wants, forces her to behave in a way she doesnt want to
Battering can include
fiancial abuse
physical abuse
sexual abuse
pyschological abuse
emotional abuse
Effects of battery can include
physical injury
psychological harm
PTSD
Belief anyone will hurt them
become tolerant
impaired functionality
imparied socail skills
vocational skills
occupational skills and finacial skills
affects parenting
fear trusting
fear of attachment
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Re-experiencing the traumatic event(flashbacks and night mares)
Conscious or unconscious persistent attempts to avoid events or situations associated with the trauma(numbing inability to recall detachment)
physiological arousal(trouble sleeping hyper vigilance)
What factors might influence battered women's response to abuse?
Institutional Response (whether or not the institutions respond positively influence a woman's response)
Personal strength and inner resources
Tangible resources and social support
historical, learned and mediacla factors
current additional stressors
posotive aspects of relationship
Domestic violence affects a woman's ability to work with...
lower productivity
How many percent of women say abuse affected them
96
how many percent were late
60
what percent missed work
50
what percent perfoed worst
70
how many percent were reprimanded
60
How many percent lost their jobs?
30
How does Dv affect work place
Cause it to be unsafe
How many women where harassed
3/4
Women are more likely to be attacked by who at work?
An intimate partner
men are more likely to be attacked by who at work
a stranger
some effects of abuse
women can't focus
Batters will purposefully inhibit women's ability to work
abusing her so shell have visible bruises
batterers call text email and show up on job to institute fear
men will turn off alarm
prevent women from working
Employers lose productivity to pay more insurance and higher turn over rate
The batterer tries to place the victim in debt
they damage the partners property
she has to hand over pay check
steals her money
Restricts access to bank accounts
won't allow her pursue education
unable to get credit
require reporting
transportation
exploit her resources



Effects of economic Abuse
Psychological and physical abuse
welfare
welfare to work programs
if she childcare transportation she would leave
only 16% of women with own income return to abusers
abuse is a barrier to employment
it consumes energy
damages self esteem
if women had access to her income she would be more likely to leave
How many companies have programs to deal with domestic violence
1/3
What does polaroid do?
Gives mangers and employees domestic violence training and protocol
Liz Claiborne does what
has a goal to educate on domestic violence
Barriers that prevent acess to help
denial
self blame
shame
guilt
cognitive dysfunction
fear
compliance
readiness for change stages:
contemplation
contemplation
perperation
Action
maintenance
Preclntemplation:=
Preclntemplation: early on in the abuse not aware of problem pretty much has no intention on changing
contemplation
Aware that there is a problem considering change but hasn't taken any action, not committed to doing anything
preperation
woman intends to take action has plan
Action
makes changes maintains changes for 1 to 6 months
maintence
woman is working to stop a recurrence doesn't want to return to abuser or get into another abusive relationship wants to consolidate the problem
Advocacy with battered women
Partnership
risk analyis
saftey plans
woman defined advocacy must
create alternatives
support decisions
strengths
reframe
groups
risk analysis
safety plans ( protection strategy & staying startegy)
How do you asses current level of danger?
batter history
current behavoirs
context
How to help the women develop/strengthen her plan by
articulating
implementing
follow up
revise
Important message for victims to receive
I believe you
it's not your fault
I'm interested in hearing more
how can i help you feel safe
your reactions are nromal
if shes in danger
Discouraging words
did you try to stop the abuse
what did you do to provoke it
why don't you just leave
you need to go on with life
pretend it didn't happen
Men who batter are
not one single type
contradicting results
control
Common misconceptions about abusers
spousal abuse
drugs and alcohol
Stress
why do men batterer
insecure and vulnerable
learned
feels inadequate
loss of control
impendin loss
biological
mental ilness
research needed
subordination
impelled permisssion
gender roles
media
Characteristic of batter
no single type
parental violence
childhood exposure
rigid sterotyped gender roles
angry hostile
perental rejection
mutuality trust
affective dyregulation
antisocial narcissitic
antisocial
depressive
typical forms of of treatment
5 to 15 men treatmen of tother problems two leaders structered 10 to 36
focus
men who batter must
take responsibility
want to change
work
Results of STUDY
2/3 of men were reported to be pycically non violent at end
suggested programs include
coexist
safety
couples
dont interview
80 % court referred
challenge need to control
Tension building phase 
the first phase. In this phase, people walking on egg shells. A lot of stress in the house. Feeling that at any moment violence might occur. Batterer is becoming increasingly agitated, and angry. Woman is aware of the changes in the partner towards her. Feel this coming. Battered women at this point, exhibit wide range of behaviors. Some try to predict when abuse will occur. They can’t always predict when abuse will occur. Some women actually have their children stay somewhere safe when they feel the battering might occur. This is controversial. It is so tense; they try to do things to get the batterer to go off, to time it out right. Some battered women exhibit their behaviors to try to have some control over when the abuse occurs.
Acute battering incident
the second phase. The battering actually occurs. Types of battering: Sexual abuse, Verbal abuse, Physical abuse, slapping, burning, Emotional abuse, Psychological abuse, Economic abuse. Ex of economic abuse: a husband that made his wife account for every quarter that she spent on a spreadsheet. There is often a violent physical abuse. Women here are denying the seriousness of the abuse. They then move onto the next phase
Where can you trace the beginnings of domestic violence?
 trace history of violence of women back to Roman times.
Laws of marriage certain requirements according to law.
Conform  women needed to conform themselves to the will of their husbands
Necessary and inseparable possessions husbands own wives.
Explain Chrisitanity
contributes to violence against women in terms of seeing women as subordinate to their husbands and requiring love and obedience in the marriage vows.
Subordination  to male.
Love and obedience  in vows.
English Common Law
U.S. adopted British Common Law.
Property of husbands  women were property of husbands.
Right to chastise wives husbands had right to chastise their wives. Even a law that said that husbands had the right to beat their wives as long as instrument wasn’t thicker or larger than the man’s thumb.
when did u.s take away man's right o beat wife
1800's late 19th century
Family privacy law
did adopt family privacy rule. What happened in your own home was your own business and no one should intervene with regard to it. If DV occurred it was seen as the family’s problem to work out. It wasn’t taken very seriously. No prosecution would occur.
No prosecution it was family business. Nothing actually done about it.
Battered womens movment
Women’s centers, rape crisis hotlines, and consciousness raising groups  on college campuses. Of all this, what came out was this obvious need for response to situations where women were being beaten by their male partners. Women participating in consciousness raising groups. 1960s.
1st battered woman's shelter opened where
england
1st battered womens shelter opend where in us (alchl abuse shelter)
califonia 1964
1st battered womens shleter (trasiional house)
california 1974 76
transitonal house in boston
1976
1978 – National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
continues to exist today. It is the unifying structure for all the domestic programs in the U.S. Shelters and advocates participate in this National Coalition. They have conventions and support a lot of research. They have national hotline and they will tell you shelter or hotline closest to you
August, 1976, March in DC
5,000 people. Focus was on identifying the need for shelters and funding for shelters in the U.S
how many shleter were ther in 1989 for battered women?
1200
how mnay shletes in 1998
2000
Marriage rape law
in the past there were no laws against raping wives. A big focus of advocates, because they would see that sexual abuse was something that battered women talked a lot about in the shelter. Advocates worked hard to obtained legislation that said that rape can and does occur within marriage and it is against the law. It is illegal now to rape your wife.
Crime Victims Reparation Act
 provides funding for shelters. A lot of shelters are filled to capacity. So new battered women have nowhere to go. And this act allows shelters to give women hotel vouchers. And the women can stay in the hotel until opening in shelter
Victims advocate act
DV movement allowed for advocates to be in court! They are there to help you fill out the papers, to advise you about financial, to get you a pro bono attorney. They will go with you to court.
Court mandated treatment
because of domestic violence act court mandated treatment evolved
feminst theory
shelters were rooted in femist theory, wanted women to empower themselves, focused on the indiviual needs of women.
two tyoes of shelters
old fashioned (based on femients theory and empowering women, lots of volunteers) and new fashioned (busness like)
new shleters
House of Ruth in Washington, D.C. it is the model program for DV intervention across the nation. They have 14 locations. They have In and Outpatient services, day placement services, job placement services, childcare center. They have 120 staff positions. They have a budget of 7 million a year. Few volunteers. Much more like a business than individual program.
Ex2: crisis center in PG County had shelter. Outreach office and then have a single shelter. Much more grass roots. One little program struggling to raise the money to get by each year.
Grassroots
more about feminist theories and empowerment theories. More volunteers
+ More personalized, building a community.
- Harder for them to obtain funding. House of Ruth budget was 1.75 mil a year. (Corporate) Family crisis center made an addition but couldn’t open it because lack of funding to staff it. (Grassroots)
+ Stronger feeling of empowerment for workers too. Because they do so much there constantly.

There has been a shift to corporation.
House of Ruth in D.C. run like a corporation.
Pros and cons to both types
Corporation styled shelters
Might seem less personal.
+ Hierarchy to everything. More defined roles and better record keeping. Filing.
+ Might be a feeling of more safety.
+ Can reach out to more people. Can serve so many more people than a grassroots shelter.
+ They have child care, in and outpatient treatment. They have long term housing.
+ They pay better. Salary. Pay psychiatrist to consult.
+ Have connections with lawyers who do pro bono work.
- They apply the same model and program to many women
“Burn out
High levels of physical exhaustion
Emotional depersonalization
Low levels of personal accomplishment
up until when were domestic violence calls taken seriously?
90's
violence againts women act 1994
provides fund form mproving police and court protection for battered women. it provideds funds for shleters and social service programs
2 components of family crisisr enter
accountablilty and saftey
5 innaporpaiate behavoirs at family crisis center
blame, lying/denying, minimizing, justification, sidetracking
2 phases of theraphy a fcc
education and counlseling