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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleotide |
The name of a sub-unit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. |
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Deoxyribose |
A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides. |
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Purine |
A Nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure. Larger in structure. Guanine and Adenine belong to this base group. |
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Pyrimidine |
A nitrogenous base that has a single string structure. Smaller in size - Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil belong to this base group. |
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DNA Replication |
The process of making a copy of DNA. |
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Helicase |
An enzyme that separates DNA strands. |
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DNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that helps the formation of the DNA molecule by grabbing free nucleotide bases. |
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Ribonucleic Acid |
A single strand of nucleic acid that is allowed to leave the nucleus. |
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Transcription |
The process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) |
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Translation |
The part of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. |
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Protein Synthesis |
The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA. |
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Ribose |
A five-carbon sugar present in RNA. |
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Messenger RNA |
A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein. |
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Transfer RNA |
An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation. |
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RNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that starts the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template. |
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Codon |
In DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid of signifies a start signal of a stop signal. |
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Anticodon |
A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA. |
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Watson and Crick |
The two scientists that discovered the structure of DNA in the 1950's. |
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Rosalind Franklin |
Individual who took the x-ray of DNA |
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Sugar, phosphate and a base. |
The three parts that make up a nucleotide. |
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DNA RNA Deoxyribose Ribose Thymine Uracil Double Strand Single Strand Can't leave the nucleus Can leave the nucleus |
List three ways RNA differs from DNA |
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Thymine |
The base that pairs up with Adenine. |
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Nucleus |
The site of transcription. |
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A gene |
A segment of a chromosome that codes for a specific protein. |
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TGCATG |
The complimentary strand of DNA for this segment of DNA ACGTAC |
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UUAGCCUUG |
Given this sequence of DNA AATCGGAAC Give the complimentary strand of mRNA. |
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Three |
The number of nucleotide bases that are found in a codon. |
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Polypeptide |
The sequence of amino acids that are the foundation for a protein |
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Mutation |
A permanent change of a nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. |
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Hydrogen Bonds |
Weak bonds that are found between the nucleotide bases of DNA |
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Covalent Bonds |
Strong bonds that are found on the sides of a DNA ladder. |
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20 |
There are ___________ amino acids that are used to help code or form proteins of all kinds! |
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mRNA rRNA tRNA |
How many different kinds of RNA are there? List them. |
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Nucleic Acid |
DNA and RNA are classified as what kind of macromolecule? |
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Double stranded Helix
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What is the shape of Eukaryotic DNA?
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Circular
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What is the shape of Prokaryotic DNA?
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RNA polymerase
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During Transcription which enzyme is used to create an RNA strand from a DNA template?
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One specific gene
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During Transcription are we creating an entire copy of the DNA or one specific gene?
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Too big to leave the nucleus
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Why does DNA stay in the nucleus?
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