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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nucleotide |
In a nucleic-acid chain, a sub-unit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. |
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Deoxyribose |
A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides. |
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Nitrogenous Base |
An organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA or RNA. |
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Purine |
A Nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure. |
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Pyrimidine |
A nitrogenous base that has a single string structure. |
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Base-Pairing Rules |
The rules stating that cytosine pairs with guainine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA. |
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Complementary Base Pair |
The nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with those of another strand. |
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Base Sequence |
The order of the nucleotide bases (bond pairs) in the DNA molecule. |
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DNA Replication |
The process of making a copy of DNA. |
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Helicase |
An enzyme that separates DNA strands. |
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Replication Fork |
A Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated. |
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DNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. |
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Mutation |
A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule. |
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Ribonucleic Acid |
A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. |
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Transcription |
The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template. |
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Translation |
The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains. |
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Protein Synthesis |
The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA. |
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Ribose |
A five-carbon sugar present in RNA. |
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Messenger RNA |
A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein. |
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Ribosomal RNA |
An organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function. |
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Transfer RNA |
An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation. |
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RNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that starts the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template. |
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Promoter |
A nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene. |
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Termination Signal |
A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene. |
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Genetic Code |
The rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
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Codon |
In DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid of signifies a start signal of a stop signal. |
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Anticodon |
A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA. |
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Genome |
The complete genetic material contained in an individual. |