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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Erwin Chargaff discovered that A and T, and G and C, occur in ____ ________ proportions in DNA. |
equal proportions |
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Who provided x-ray diffraction data? |
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin |
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Who was credited for discovering the structure of DNA? |
James Watson and Francis Crick |
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DNA is made of building blocks called- |
nucleotides |
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The rungs of the ladder consist of complementary base pairs. Give examples |
A with T C with G |
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The two chains of the DNA double helix are antiparallel, with the 3' end of one strand aligned with the ___ end of the complementary strand. |
5' |
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that is transcribed to |
RNA |
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To produce a protein, a cell ______ the gene's information to ____, which is _______ into a sequence of amino acids. |
transcribes, mRNA, translated |
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What is an intermediary between DNA and a Polypeptide chain? |
RNA |
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What are the three types of RNA that participate in gene expression? |
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA |
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Transcription occurs in how many stages? |
3 |
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Transcription begins when ___ _________ bings to a _______ on the DNA _________ _______. |
RNA polymerase, promoter, temple strand |
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What is the second step if Transcription? |
RNA polymerase builds an RNA molecule |
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When does transcription end? |
when RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence in DNA |
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Where is mRNA altered in eukaryotic cells? |
the nucleus |
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After transcription, the cell adds a ____ and ______ to _____. |
cap, poly A, mRNA |
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______ are cut out of RNA, and the remaining _______ are spliced together. |
introns, exons |
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The genetic code links______to______. |
MRNA, protein |
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The correspondence between codons and amino acid's is what? |
The genetic code |
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each group of three consecutive consecutive mRNA bases is a_____space that specifies one amino acid. |
codon |
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experiments with synthetic mRNA enable scientists to match each code on with its corresponding________ ______. |
amino acid |
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what carries a protein-encoding genes information? |
mRNA |
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rRNA associates with proteins to form |
ribosomes |
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On one end, tRNA has an _________ sequence complementary to an mRNA codon, and the corresponding _______ _____ binds to the other end. |
anticodon, amino acid |
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Translation begins when _____ joins with a small ribosomal subunit and a _____, usually carrying methionine. A large ribosomal subunit then joins the small one. |
mRNA, tRNA |
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In the elongation stage, a second _____ binds to the next codon, and its amino acid bonds with the methionine that the first tRNA brought in. The ribosome moved down the _____ as the chain grows. |
tRNA, mRNA |
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What |
"stop" codon |
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What must proteins do correctly after translation? |
Fold |
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What are operons? |
Groups of bacterial genes that share one promoter |
