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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
double-stranded nucleic acid that makes up genes and chromosomes |
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RNA |
single-stranded nucleic acid that helps make proteins |
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Messenger RNA |
type of RNA that copies genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries them to the cytoplasm |
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Ribosomal RNA |
type of RNA that helps form ribosomes and assemble proteins |
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Transfer RNA |
type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes where they are joined together to form proteins |
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Nucleotide |
small molecule containing a sugar, phosphate group, and base that is a building block of nucleic acids |
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Chargaff’s Rules |
observations by Erwin Chargaff that concentrations of the four nucleotide bases differ among species; and that, within a species, the concentrations of adenine and thymine are always about the same and the concentrations of cytosine and guanine are always about the same |
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Chromosome |
coiled structure made of DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids that is the form in which the genetic material of a cell goes through cell division |
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Chromatid |
one of two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at a centromere before a cell divides |
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Chromatin |
grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes |
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Transcription |
process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA |
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Translation |
process in which genetic instructions in mRNA are “read” to synthesize a protein |
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DNA Replication |
process of copying of DNA prior to cell division |
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Codon |
group of three nitrogen bases in nucleic acids that makes up a code “word” of thegenetic code and stands for an amino acid, start, or stop |
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Genetic Code |
universal code of three-base codons that encodes the genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of proteins |
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Promoter |
region of a gene where a RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of the gene |
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Protein Synthesis |
process in which cells make proteins that includes transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA |
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Gene |
unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein |
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Ribosome |
organelle inside all cells where proteins are made |
