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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA can/can not initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand.
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can not
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All new DNA strands need a short primer of...
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RNA
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DNA synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme...
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DNA primase.
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... and ... obtained evidence the semiconservative replication model of DNA was correct.
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Meselson and Stahl
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dNTP -
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DoxyriboNucleoside TriPhosphate
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The four dNTPs are...
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dATP, dGTP, dTTP, dCTP
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For DNA synthesis, all four ... are needed.
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dNTPs
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For DNA synthesis, a fragment of ... is needed.
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DNA
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For DNA synthesis, DNA .... is needed.
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polymerase 1
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For DNA synthesis, ... are needed for optimal DNA polymerase activity.
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(Mg^2+) magnesium ions
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Fragments of DNA act as ... for synthesis of new DNA.
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templates
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Polymerase precursors are also known as...
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dNTPs
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DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ... of the deoxyribose on the last nucleotide and the ... of the dNTP precursor.
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3' -OH group/5' phosphate
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The direction of DNA synthesis is only from ... to ...
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5' to 3'
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DNA Polymerase 1 and 3 replicate only in the ... direction.
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5' to 3'
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The role of DNA polymerase 2 is...
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unknown.
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In DNA replication, 3'-5' exonuclease is a ... mechanism.
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proofreading
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Replication of prokaryotic and viral DNA starts at a specific site called the...
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origin of replication.
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Local denaturing of DNA produces a...
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replication bubble.
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Untwisted single strands of DNA on which new strands are made are called..
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template strands.
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DNA helicase binds to ... and loads on to DNA.
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initiator proteins
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DNA helicae .... DNA.
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untwists
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DNA helicase untwists DNA using energy from.... of ATP.
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hydrolysis
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DNA primase binds to helicase to form a ... complex.
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primosome
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Primase synthesizes a short ... primer
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RNA
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A primer is a short sequence of nucleotides bound to the...
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template strand.
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When DNA unwinds to expose single strand templates for replication, the Y-shaped structure is called a...
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replication fork.
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A replication fork moves in...
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one direction.
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When DNA unwinds in the middle of a circular chromosome there are ...
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two replication forks.
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SSB -
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single strand DNA-binding protein
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SSB binds to...
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single stranded DNA.
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When SSB binds to DNA it...
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stabilizes it.
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SSB stabilizes DNA and prevents...
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re-annealing.
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Primase synthesizes a ... on each DNA template strand.
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RNA primer
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RNA primers are lengthened by...
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DNA polymerase 3.
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Gyrase ... produced in the DNA ahead of the tension fork.
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relaxes tension
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Fragments of lagging stands are called...
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Okazaki fragments.
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Discontinuous DNA synthesis occurs on the...
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lagging strand.
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Okazaki fragments are joined together by DNA polymerase 1 and...
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ligase.
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In eukaryotes, DNA and ... must be doubled with each cell cycle.
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histones
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Telomerase maintains...
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chromosome length.
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Telomerase maintains chromosome length by adding...
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telomere repeats.
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Telomerase is an enzyme made up of ... and ...
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protein and RNA
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