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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The living material of the egg cell is mostly made of...
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protein.
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A protein molecule is a long chain of smaller molecules called...
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amino acids.
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There are about 20 amino acids which are arranged in different ways to form different...
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proteins.
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The thousands of proteins of living things are different arrangements of only about 20...
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amino acids.
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Changing the arrangement of amino acids changes the function of a...
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protein.
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Hemoglobin is an important oxygen-carrying ... of red blood cells.
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protein
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sickle cell anemia develops when there is a change in just one...
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amino acid.
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the vital enzymes which controls the body's chemical reactions are mainly...
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protein
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Proteins are vital to...
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life.
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The principle substance found in the nucleus is...
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DNA
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Since the sperm is largely a nucleus is contains mostly...
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DNA
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The substance present in equal quantities in the the egg and sperm is...
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DNA.
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DNA controls the development of a...
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cell.
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DNA controls the development of a cell by controlling the production of...
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protein.
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DNA ... the production of...
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controls/proteins
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Sickle cell, PKU, and blue eyes are characteristics that depend on the production of certain...
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proteins.
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The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called...
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nucleotides.
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Just as proteins are chains of smaller molecules called..., DNA molecules are chains of smaller molecules called...
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amino acids/nucleotides
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DNA is found in the nucleus, so the smaller molecules hooked together to form DNA chains are called...
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nucleotides.
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Each nucleotide consists of three smaller chemical units: (name the three)
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sugar, phosphate, and a base
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There are ... different nucleotides.
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4
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The four nucleotides of DNA all have the same ... and ... parts.
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Sugar/phosphate
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DNA base, A...
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Adenine
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DNA base, T...
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Thymine
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DNA base, C...
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Cytosine
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DNA base, G...
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guanine
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A, T, G, and C
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DNA bases
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When two nucleotides hook together the ... of one part attaches to the... of another part.
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phosphate/sugar
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The four nucleotides can be arranged in any...
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order.
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A DNA chain can contain different numbers of nucleotides up to several...
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thousand
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Just as proteins are formed from different arrangements of 20 ..., DNA is formed from different arrangements of 4...
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amino acids/nucleotides
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The four bases of DNA differ from each other in...
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atomic structure
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A connects to...
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T
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C connects to...
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G
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DNA bases whose atomic structures involve one ring are called... structures
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pyrimidine
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The pyrimidine bases are... and...
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thymine and cytosine
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Adenine and guanine are not ... bases.
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pyrimidine
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DNA bases whose atomic structures involve two rings are called... structures
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purine
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Adenine and Guanine are .... bases.
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purine
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Thymine and cytosine have ... ring/s.
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one
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The cell matches amino acids with particular DNA...
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nucleotides.
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Only with ... or more bases are enough different combinations possible for each ... to have its own code.
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3/amino acid
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Each protein is composed of a chain of ...
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amino acids.
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Deoxy means...
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less oxygen
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If you add more oxygen to DNA you have...
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RNA.
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The nucleic acid that contains the fewest number of oxygen atoms is...
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DNA
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RNA and DNA are similar...
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molecules
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In RNA uracil is substituted with...
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thymine.
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The thymine base of DNA is replaced by... in RNA.
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uracil
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RNA is only a .... of nucleotides.
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single strand
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RNA is found in the...
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nucleolus.
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DNA is found in the ... of the cell.
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nucleus
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Nucleic acids are macromolecules that provide the directions for building...
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proteins.
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DNA is a...
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nucleic acid.
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RNA is a...
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nucleic acid.
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DNA resides in the...
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cell/cell nucleus.
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DNA resides in the cell as one or more long fibers called...
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chromosomes.
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A ... is a specific stretch of DNA.
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gene
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Genes program a specific sequence of a...
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polypeptide.
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Each nucleotide contains ... parts.
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three
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Frederick Griffith experimented with... strains to discover the...
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bacteria/transforming principle.
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Avery, MacLeod and McCarthy experimented with ... to determine if DNA or RNA was responsible for the transforming principle.
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nucleases
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Ribonuclease (RNase) degrades...
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RNA
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Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) degrades...
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DNA
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Hershey and Chase grew cells of E. Coli in media containing a ... of phosphorus or sulfur to determine that DNA was the genetic material.
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radioactive isotopes
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Hershey and Chase hypothesized that ... provided a structural framework that contains ...
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protein/DNA
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DNA and RNA are ...
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polymers
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A pentose is a...
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5 carbon sugar.
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The pentose sugar in DNA is...
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deoxyribose.
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In DNA and RNA bases are always attached to the...
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1' carbon.
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The combination of a sugar and a base is called a...
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nucleoside.
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When a phosphate is added to a nucleoside it becomes a...
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nucleotide.
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The phosphate group is attached to the... of the sugar in both DNA and RNA.
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5' carbon
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Phosphate group is 5' or 3'
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5'
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Sugar (hydroxyl group) is 3' or 5'
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3'
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The 5'-3' phosphate linkages are called...
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phosphodiester bonds.
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Tautomers are isomers of...
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organic compounds.
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