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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following are always the same in every DNA molecule? The sugar, the base, the phosphate group.
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Only the sugar and the phosphate group are always the same.
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In humans, genes make up what % of the DNA?
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5%
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Genotype is to phenotype as
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Recipe is to cookie
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To start the transcription process, a large molecule,____, recognizes a ____?
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RNA polymerase; promoter site
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During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has an adenine, an ____ is added to the ____.
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Uracil; mRNA
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There are different ____ molecules for each of the 20 different amino acids that are used in building proteins.
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tRNA
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What is an incorrect statement about the metabolism of ethanol?
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The process requires two enzymes.
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What does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) make possible?
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The creation of huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNA
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What is a VNTR?
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A highly variable section of an individual's DNA.
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What does the finding that 96% of the base-pair sequences in humans and chimps are the same indicate?
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Humans are more closely related to chimps than to any other species on earth.
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What shape does DNA take in prokaryotes?
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Circular pieces
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What are introns?
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Non-coding regions of DNA
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What happens during transcription?
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A copy of the gene's base sequence is made
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What happens during translation?
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The transcribed copy is used to direct protein production
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What causes a genetic mutation?
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Either an alteration of a single base or changes in large segments of DNA
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What are alleles?
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Alternate versions of a gene for a given protein
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What are chromosomes?
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Smaller, more manageable pieces of DNA.
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
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46. 23 unique pieces of DNA
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What are ribosomal subunits?
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Protein production factories where amino acids are linked together.
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What are codons?
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The three-base sequence in the mRNA transcript that always match up with a tRNA.
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What do restriction enzymes do?
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Cut DNA into smaller pieces.
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Name the 5 steps of biotechnology.
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CAIGI. Chop, Amplify, Insert, Grow, Identify
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What are plasmids?
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Circular pieces of DNA that are easily incorporated into a bacterium's genome.
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What are stem cells?
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Cells that have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body.
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