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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of diuretics
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- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop/high ceiling - Thiazides - Potassium-sparing - Osmotic |
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How do Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors work?
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1) inhibits carbonic anhydrase
2) inhibits HCO3- 3) no Na+ exchange |
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What are some examples of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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Acetazolamide, dorzolamide, methazolamide
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What conditions can Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) treat?
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1) POAG (dec. aqeuous production)
2) angle closure 3) macular edema 4) mountain sickness |
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What are some side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
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- metabolic acidosis
- potassium depletion - renal stones - myopic shift |
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The use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) are contraindicated in which conditions/patients?
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- sulfa allergy
- liver disease - airway disease - sickle cell - pregnancy - renal calculus |
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What are some examples of Loop/High ceiling diuretics?
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- Bumetanide
- Furosemide - Torsemide - Ethacrynic acid |
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How do Loop/high ceiling diuretics work?
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Decrease Na, K, and Cl reabsorption at ASCENDING loop of Henle.
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What conditions can Loop/high ceiling diuretics treat?
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- pulmonary edema
- CHF - hypercalcemia - hypertension |
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What are some side effects of Loop/high ceiling diuretics?
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- ototoxicity
- hyperuricemia (gout) - acute hypovolemia - hypokalemia |
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What is the most powerful diuretic?
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Loop/high ceiling diuretics
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What are the most commonly used diuretics?
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Thiazides
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How do Thiazide diuretics work?
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Inhibition of Na/Cl co-transport at DISTAL tubule
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What are some examples of Thiazide diuretics?
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- Chlorothiazide
- Hydrochlorothiazide - Chlorothalidone - Thiazide analogs |
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What are the Thiazide analogs?
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Metolazone and Indapamide
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Which Thiazide analog can cause Na excretion even in advanced renal failure?
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Metolazone
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What conditions can Thiazide diuretics treat?
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- hypertension
- edema in CHF and renal impairment - hypercalciuria - diabetes insipidus |
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What are some side effects of Thiazide diuretics?
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- potassium depletion
- hyperuricemia - hypercalcemia - hyperglycemia - blood volume depletion |
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How do Potassium-sparing diuretics work?
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1) act on COLLECTING duct
2) inhibit Na reabsorption 3) inhibit K secretion |
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What are some examples of Potassium-sparing diuretics?
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- Spironolactone
- Triamterene - Amiloride |
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What are some side effects Spironolactone?
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- gynecomastia
- menstrual irregularities - hyperkalemia *hyperkalemia is a potential side effect of all potassium-sparing diuretics |
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Which potassium-sparing diuretics are effective in patients with Addison's disease?
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Triamterene and Amiloride
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Which potassium-sparing diuretic is not effective in patients with Addison's disease?
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Sprionolactone
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What are some side effects of Triamterene and Amiloride?
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- leg cramps
- increased blood urea nitrogen - uric acid retention - hyperkalemia |
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What are some examples of osmotic diuretics?
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Mannitol and Urea
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What conditions can Osmotic diuretics treat?
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- acute renal failure
- acute angle closure glaucoma - increased ICP |