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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What neural crest structures are found in each of the following adult structures?


1. Peripheral Nervous System


2. Ear


3. Eye


4. Mouth


5. Thyroid


6. Heart


7. Digestive System


8. Adrenal Glands 8. Skin

1. Autonomic nervous system, dorsal root ganglia, sensory nerves, Schwann cells, CNs


2. Ossicle of the middle ear


3. Anterior chamber ( cornea, sclera, ciliary muscle, iris pigment cells)


4. Odontoblast


5. Parafollicular (C) cells


6. Aorticopulmonary septum (spiral septum)


7. Enteric nervous system


8. Chromaffin cells of the medulla


9. Melanocytes

Effects of these teratogenic drugs


1. ACE inhibitors


2. Aminoglycoside


3. Fluoroquinolone


4. Tetracycline


5. Cyclophosphamide


6. Methotrexate


7. Carbamazepine


8. Valproic acid


9. Phenytoin


10. Lithium


11. Statins


12. Warfarin


13. Isotretinoin


14. DES


15. Thalidomide

1. Renal malformation


2. Ototoxicity


3. Cartilage damage


4. Discolored teeth


5. Ear/facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, absence of digits


6. Neural tube defect, abortion


7. neural tube defect


8. Neural tube defect


9. Fetal hydantoin syndrome


10. Ebstein anomaly


11. CNS and limb abnormalities


12. Facial/ limbs/ CNS anomalies, spontaneous abortion


13. spontaneous abortion and birth defects


14. Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma


15. Phocomelia

Most common cause of neural tube defect

Folate deficiency

Most common preventable cause of congenital malformation in the US

Alcohol use in pregnancy

All cyclins are degraded by

Ubiquitin protein ligase

Cyclin B - CDK 1 complex is activated by cdc25, that cause breakdown of

Nuclear lamins and initiation of mitosis

Claude cornea, coarse facies, hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal abnormalities, restricted joint movement, lysosomal protein in peripheral blood

I cell disease


Plasmalogens is synthesized by and found in?

1. Peroxisome


2. Myelin

Stain use to identify these intermediate filaments


1. Cytokeratin


2. Desmin


3. GFPA


4. Neurofilament


5. Vimentin

1. Carcinoma


2. Sarcoma - rhabdomyosarcoma-


3. Glioblastoma


4. Neuroblastoma


5. Sarcoma

Arachidonic acid pathway

What cellular by- products might you detect in the serum when the following cell types are injured


1. Cardiac myocytes


2. Skeletal myocytes


3. Hepatocytes


4. Salivary gland cells


5. Pancreatic exocrine cells


6. RBCs

1. Myoglobin, CK, CKMB l, troponin I


2. CK, aldolase, myoglobin


3. AST, ALT, Alkaline phosphatase, GGT


4. Amylase


5. Amylase and lipase


6. Heme -> Bilirubin

Acute inflammatory mediators

1. IL 1


2. IL 6


3. TNF alpha

Increase vasodilation and vascular permeability in acute inflammation

1.Histamine


2. Serotonin


3. Bradykinin

Hyperflexible joint, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

Marfan

Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

Alport syndrome