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69 Cards in this Set

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HYQ: Hypertension + depression + kidney stones
Hyperparathyroidism
HYQ: What complications can arise from the use of vasopressors such as Norepinephrine in treating shock?
Ischemia and necrosis of fingers and toes, mesenteric ischemia, and renal failure
HYQ: What intervention is most effective at reducing blood pressure?
Weight Loss
HYQ: what is the preferred initial antihypertensive in a patient with no comorbidities?
HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Diabetes
ACE-I, ARB
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Heart failure
ACE/ ARB, B-blker, Aldosterone antagonist
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

BPH
Alpha blocker (-zosin)
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Left ventricular hypertrophy
ACE/ ARB
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Hyperthyroid
Beta-blocker
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Osteoperosis
HCTZ
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Benign essential tremor
Beta blocker
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Post-menopausal female
HCTZ
Which antihypertensive class is first line in patients with....

Migranes
Beta-blocker
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Hypertension in arms but low BP in LE
Coarctation of the aorta
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Proteinuria
Renal failure
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism

hypokalemia with HTN--CLASSIC!
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Tachycardia, diarrhea, heat intolerance
Hyperthyroidism

Tachycardia, diarrhea, heat intolerance and HTN --CLASSIC!
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Hyperkalemia
Renal failure, Renal artery stenosis
What is the most likely cause of HTN....

Episodic sweating, tachycardia
Pheochromocytoma
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

First dose hypotension
Alpha-blocker
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Hypertrichosis
Minoxidil
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
Clonidine
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation
Beta-blocker
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Reflex tachycardia
vasodilators
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Cough
ACE-I
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

avoidance in pts with Sulfa allergy
loops and -thiazides
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Angioedema
ACE-I
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

Development of drug induced lupus
Hydralazine (antihistone antibodies)

Drug induced Lupus: SHIPS
Sulfasalazine, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Statins
Which antihypertensive is associated with....

cyanide toxicity
sodium nitroprusside
Compare the vasodilating effects of Nitroglycerine, Non-DHP CCB, Hydralazine, and Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerine and Non-DHP CCBs are venous vasodilators,

Hydralazine is arteriolar

Nitroprusside is both artery and vein
What are the HACEK bacteria?
Cultre neg endocarditis

Haemophillus, Actinobacter, Cardiobacter, Eikenella, Kingella
What are the JONES criheria in the diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Dz?
Joints (polyarthritis)
Heart- (pancarditis)
Nodes (subcutaneous on extensor surfaces)
Erythema nodosum
Sydenhams chorrea
HYQ: what is the next step in the management of a congenital heart disease with early cyanosis?
Prostaglandin to keep the PDA open
HYQ: what medication is used to close a PDA?
Indomethacin
HYQ: a 6 wk old infant presents to the Pedi-ER for irritability and is found to have signs of left sided heart failure. An EKG is interpreted as left-sided MI --> what is the likely diagnosis?
Anomolous origin of the Left Coronary Artery

it is stemming from the pulmonic vasculature instead of the aorta
HYQ: what class of medications is indicated in patients with hereditary prolongation of the QT interval in order to prevent episodes of ventricular fibrillation?
Beta-blocker: Propanolol
What vasculitis is associated with...

Weak pulses in upper extremities
Takayasu's
What vasculitis is associated with...

Necrotizing granulomas of lung and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Wegner's glomerulonephritis
What vasculitis is associated with...

Necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
Polyarteritis Nodosa
What vasculitis is associated with...

Young male smokers
Buerger's disease
What vasculitis is associated with...

young asian women
Takayasu's arteritis
What vasculitis is associated with...

young asthmatics
Churg-strauss
What vasculitis is associated with...

Infants and young children; involves coronary arteries
Kawasaki's dz
What vasculitis is associated with...

Most common vasculitis
Temporal arteritis
What vasculitis is associated with...

hepatitis B infection
Polyarteritis nodosa
What vasculitis is associated with...

occlusion of the ophthalmic artery
Temporal arteritis
What vasculitis is associated with...

Perforation of the nasal septum
Wegner's granulomatosis
What physical defects comprise the tetrology of fallot?
RVH, VSD, Pulmonic stenosis, Overriding aorta
What is the next step in the management of a patient with a DVT that has a high likelihood of falling?
IVC filter (greenfield filter)
What vasculitis is associated with...

unilateral headache, jaw claudication
Temporal arteritis
what are the components of the medical management of peripheral artery disease?
Smoking cessation, daily exercise, glucose control, cilostazol
What are the indications for operating on an AAA?
size greater than 5.5cm, growth of 0.5cm over 6 months, or if it is symptomatic
Who should be screened for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
males > 65 with any history of smoking
What are the classic findings of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Recent URI, arthritis, LE purpura, abdominal pain, renal dz (proteinuria, hematuria)
What are the classic presenting symptoms of Kawasaki dz?
Fever > 104 for more than 5 days and CRASH
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet edema
QH: myocarditis in south america is commonly caused by ______ and is associated with ___,___, ___.
Chagas Dz (T.cruzi)
Cardiomegaly, megacolon, achalasia
Name as many organisms that cause myocarditis as you can
Coxsakie, adenovirus, echovirus, EBV, CMV, and Influenza
Causes of acute endocarditis
Staph aureus, Strep pneumo
Causes of subacute endocarditis
Strep virdians/mutans, staph epidermidis (coag neg)
What is the mnemonic for endocarditis
FROM JANE

Fever, Roth spots, Osler nodes (fingers), Murmur
Janeway lesions (palms and soles), Anemia, Nail hemorrhages, emboli
What space is infiltrated in a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
media
What is the treatment for cardiogenic shock?
dobutamine
What is the treatment for septic shock?
Norepinephrine, IVF
What is the treatment for hypovolemic shock?
IV Fluids
What is the treatment for anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine, diphenhydromine (benedryl)
What is the treatment for neurogenic shock?
Atropine, IVF
QH: What is virchow's triad for DVT?
Stasis, hypercoaguability, and vascular damage increase patient's risk for DVT

this can be pregnancy, immobilization, smoking
What is the cause of Renal Artery Stenosis in a pt <25 y/o
Fibromuscular dz
What is the cause of Renal Artery Stenosis in a pt >50 years old?
atherosclerosis