Distillation

Front 1

What is distillation

Back 1

Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on their boiling points or by selective boiling and condensation

Front 2

Does distillation always result in complete separation

Back 2

It can either result in complete or in partial separation, where the concentration of one species in the mixture is increased

Front 3

When will the mixture boil during distillation

Back 3

When the total vapor pressure from contributions of partial reassures of all species equals the external vapour pressure

Front 4

What are 5 types of distillation

Back 4

Batch

Continuous

Fractional

Zone

Vacuum

Front 5

Describe the process in batch distillation

Back 5

Two liquids heated in distillation tower.

If A has more volatile components and B has less volatile components then A will be more in vapour phase and B will be retained as a liquid.

Equilibrium is reached

A is distilled off

Remaining compound is enriched in B

Front 6

At least one volatile distillate fraction which had been boiled off had been separately captured as a vapour and condenses to a liquid.

Back 6

True

Front 7

Always a residue ( ____ volatile compound not captured as a condensed vapour

Back 7

Least

Front 8

How does the composition of the source material, vapours of distilling compound and distillate change during the process

Back 8

Changes which time.

Front 9

How does the composition of the source materials, the vapours and the distilling compounds and distillate change in a continuous distillation

Back 9

Remains constant

Front 10

How does the composition of the source materials, the vapours and the distilling compounds and distillate change in a continuous distillation - remains constant. How?

Back 10

Carefully replenishing the source material and removing fractions from both vapour and liquid phases in system.

Front 11

What does continuous distillation result in

Back 11

Better control of the separation process

Front 12

Describe process in continuous distillation

Back 12

Liquid mix is continuously fed into the process and separated fractions are constantly removed

Front 13

How many output fractions in continuous distillation

Back 13

2

Front 14

What is vaccum distillation used for

Back 14

Compounds with very high BP

Front 15

To boil compounds with very high BP it is better to..

Back 15

Reduce the pressure at which the compounds boil instead of increasing temp.

Front 16

In VD once pressure is lowered to the PvP of the component at a given temp what occurs?what proceeds?

Back 16

Boiling.

Normal process of distillation

Front 17

Wheree does fractional distillation occur

Back 17

In a fractionating column.

Front 18

Describe change in BP Temp in a fractionating column

Back 18

Decreasing BP temp as you go higher

Front 19

Describe process in fractional distillation

Back 19

Solution is heated.

Vapours rise in the column.

As the vapours rise it is cooled onto condenser walls or surfaces of the packing material. At the same time it is heated by the vapours beneath it.

Each comment with a different BP will condense at different stages into a liquid.

Front 20

Where are the High temp residues in the fractionating column

Back 20

At the bottom

Front 21

Where does zone distillation occur

Back 21

In a small container

Front 22

The refined matter in ZD is ____ ___ and is in the _____ _____ _____

Back 22

Partially melted

Liquid moving zone

Front 23

Condensation of vapour in the ZD IMus in the _____ phase

Back 23

Solid

Front 24

Explain process of zone distillation

Back 24

Zone heater moves from top to bottom slowly.

Condensate with irregular impurity forms and is slowly moved to the bottom of container. When it reaches the bottom all of the impurities are settled and cut so that the most pure part of condensate can be extracted as a product.

Front 25

Can zone distillation be repeated

Back 25

Yes.

Front 26

What does repetition result in

Back 26

Irregular impurity distribution

Front 27

Graphically representing efficiency of fractional distillation. What are the axis

Back 27

X axis is time

Y axis is volume change if distillate or the temperature of distillate

Front 28

Is this graph representing a good sep or bad SEP why?

Back 28

Good.

If only pure product is obtained, the BP T will be constant because the temp of the vapours at equilibrium will be constant.

Horizontal line = pure product

Front 29

Good or bad sep?

Back 29

Bad.

Little to no pure product because temp/volume/Composition of distillate is constantly changing.

Front 30

Good or bad sep

Back 30

??

Front 31

Where can we apply distillation

Back 31

Lab scales

Industrial scales

Herbal distillate

Food processing

Front 32

Is distillation a true SEP method

Back 32

Not really. Just used to transfer some volatiles from source material to distillate

Front 33

Examples of distillation

Back 33

Distillation of crude oil to get HC

Sep of air into its components

Distillation of fermentation products