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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
parasthesia
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abnormal spontaneous sensations, such as burning, tingling, or pins and needles
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dysesthesia
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any unpleasant sensation produced by a stimulus that is usually painless
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numbness
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often used by pts to describe a sense of heaviness, weakness, or deadness in affected body part- and sometimes to signify any sensory impairment
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allesthesia
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a tactile or painful stimulus delivered on the side of hemisensory loss is experienced in a corresponding area of the opposite side
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anesthesia
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complete loss of touch appreciation
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hyperesthesia
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increased sensitivity to touch appreciation
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allodynia
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misperception of a trivial tactile sensation as pain; or more generally, when one stimulus evokes another type of sensation
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analgesia
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complete loss of pain perception
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hypalgesia
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partial loss of pain perception
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hyperalgesia or hyperpathia
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increased sensitivity to pain perception
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pallanesthesia
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loss of vibratory sense
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thermoanesthesia
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loss of temperature sensation
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primary sensory modalities
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light touch
pinprick and temp deep pressure vibration joint position |
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Romberg's test
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pt assumes a steady stance w/ feet together, arms outstretched, and eyes closed. observe for sway or fall. positive test indicative of grossly impaired joint position sense in legs
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two point discrimination
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pt indicates if he has been touched by one or two compass points, while distance is varied in order to determine shortest distance at which they are recognized as 2 points
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agraphesthesia
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inability to identify a number traced on the skin on palm of hand despite normal cutaneous sensation; implies lesion of contralat PL
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astereognosis
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inability to distinguish b/w various shapes or textures
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abarognosis
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inability to distinguish b/w different weights
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complex sensory fxs
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Romberg's test, 2-pt discrim, graphesthesia, stereognosis, abarognosis, bilateral sensory discrimination
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mononeuropathy simplex
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involvement of a single peripheral nerve
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mononeuropathy multiplex
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several individual nerves are affected, usu at random and noncontiguously
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polyneuropathy
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fx of multiple peripheral nerves is affected at the same time.
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(polyneuropathies)
distal axonopathies |
axon is principal pathologic target (most polyneuropathies)
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(polyneuropathies)
myelinopathies |
conditions involving myelin sheath
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(polyneuropathies)
neuonopathies |
principally affect nerve cell bodies in the anterior horn of the SC or dorsal root ganglion
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etiologies of peripheral nerve lesions
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hereditary, inflammatory d/o, neurotoxic exposure, metabolic d/o, neoplasm, connective tissue d/o, AIDS
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peripheral nerve pain
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usually localized to region affected pathologically
-burning quality when sensory nerve involved; motor deficit if motor nerve involved. |
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(peripheral nerve pain)
causalgia |
severe, persistent pain, often burning in quality, that results from nerve trauma. oft radiates to greater territory than served by affected nerve. assoc w/ exquisite tenderness
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(periph nerve pain)
reflex sympathetic dystrophy |
sympathetically mediated pain syndromes precipitated by wide range of tissue injuries. intense pain out of proportion to injury that gets worse over time.
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radicular pain
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localization: distribution of one or more nerve roots. often exacerbated by sneezing, coughing, other maneuvers that increase intraspinal pressure; also maneuvers that stretch the affected roots.
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thalamic pain
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can lead to pain in all or part of the contralat half of body; pain of burning nature w/ particular unpleasant quality. aggravated by emotional stress. tends to dvlp when recovering from sensory deficit caused by underlying thalamic lesion. mild cutaneous sensation can produce unpleasant/painful sensations
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Dejerine-Roussy syndrome
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thalamic pain with a combination of sensory loss, spontaneous pain, and perverted cutaneous sensation.
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low back pain
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trauma, prolapsed disk, infections, neoplastic disease, paget disease, osteoporosis, arachnoiditis, referred pain, others...
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