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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Acute Pericarditis
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Causes:
MI Infections Uremia (renal failure) Diseases (lupus, RA) |
Manifestations:
Chest pain (↑ with cardiac output, coughing, swallowing) |
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Constrictive Pericarditis
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Causes:
Visceral and parietal surfaces adhere |
Manifestations:
Fixed ↓ CO Chest pain Lower extremity edema Dyspnea (↓ O2 to brain) Ascites |
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Effusion
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Causes:
Surgery Wall rupture Inflammation |
Manifestations:
Cardiac tamponade (↓ CO during inhalation) Easily fatigued (↓ cardiac reserve |
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Coronary Artery Disease
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Causes:
Stable Plaque: obstruction that interrupts blood flow Unstable Plaque: collection of lipids and platelets that is likely to rupture |
Manifestations:
Angina pectoris ↓ Exercise capacity |
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Unstable Myocardial Infarction
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Cause:
Plaque is constantly breaking |
Manifestation:
Asymptomatic |
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Non ST Myocardial Infarction
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Cause:
Plaque is causing a little more damage |
Manifestations:
Chest pain |
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ST Segmented Myocardial Infarction
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Cause:
Plaque is causing significant damage (large necrosis) |
Manifestations:
Crushing pain Nausea and vomiting Fatigue and weakness Cardiac shock Pericarditis Emboli Congestive heart failure Tachycardia |
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Stable Angina
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Causes:
Exertion, emotion or cold |
Manifestation:
Angina during exercise |
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Variant Angina
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Causes:
Endothelial dysfunction Hyperactive sympathetic nervous system Alteration in nitric oxide production |
Manifestations:
Angina during rest or night Arrythmia ECG changes |
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Silent Ischemic Heart Disease
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Causes:
Autonomic dysfunction Diabetes |
Manifestation:
No pain |
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Cardiomyopathy
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Causes:
Primary: genetic, mixed or acquired (infection) Secondary: problem originates outside of heart (diabetes, lupus) |
Manifestations:
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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Causes:
Genetic Myofibril disarray |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Arrhythmia Exertional Angina Dizziness Fainting |
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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
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Causes:
Genetic (autosomal dominant) |
Manifestations:
Syncope (cardiac arrest) Palpitations Arrhythmia Cardiac Arrest Right Sided Heart Failure |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
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Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
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Fever
Pharyngitis Carditis Arthritis Scarlett fever (red rash on trunk) Sydenham chorea |
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Left Ventricular Noncompaction
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Causes:
Genetic Failure of heart to compact |
Manifestations:
Congestive Heart Failure Arrhythmia Thromboemboli |
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Ion Channelopathy
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Cause:
Genetic |
Manifestations:
Arrythmia Sudden Cardiac Death |
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Causes:
Genetic Infection Alcohol use (most common) Autoimmune Drugs |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Tachycardia Fatigue Edema Orthopnea (positional SOB) Thromboemboli |
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Restricted Cardiomyopathy
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Causes:
Radiation Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis |
Manifestations:
Dyspnea Fatigue Weakness Orthopnea Peripheral Edema |
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Myocarditis
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Causes:
Infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal) |
Manifestations:
Malaise Fever Arthralgia Myalgia Nausea Emesis Thromboemboli Cardiac Heart Failure |
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Infective Endocarditis
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Causes:
Requires endocardial damage and portal of entry Predisposition: IV drug abuse, prosthetic heart valve, intracardiac device, congenital heart disease |
Manifestations:
Anorexia Malaise Lethargy Heart murmur |
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Mitral Valve Stenosis
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Causes:
Fibrous replacement of tissue Stiffness and fusion of valve apparatus |
Manifestations:
↑ Arteriole pressure Pulmonary congestion ↓ CO |
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Mitral Valve Regurgitation
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Causes:
Rheumatic heart disease Dilation of left ventricle Prolapse |
Manifestations:
↑ Arteriole pressure Pulmonary congestion ↓ CO |
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Causes:
Connective tissue disorder Predisposition: familial & sex (female) |
Manifestations:
Prolonged angina Fatigue Anxiety Palpitations Dyspnea Arrhythmia |
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Aortic Valve Stenosis
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Causes:
Rheumatic fever Congenital Aging (calcification) |
Manifestations:
Syncope Peripheral Cyanosis Exertional Dyspnea Angina Heart Fail “Graying Out” |
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Aortic Valve Regurgitation
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Cause:
Rheumatic fever |
Manifestations:
Orthopnea Exertial dyspnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
