Disease Of External & Middle Ear

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Perichondritis

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inflammation of the skin and perichondrium as well as auricular cartilage

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S. aureus ad Pseudomonas

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most common causative organisms in perichondritis

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Perichondritis

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pain and warmth of the pinna following trauma or infection, erythema, induration, and possible fluctuance of a part or entire auricle

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systemic antibiotic and antiseptic or antibiotic ointment

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treatment for perichondritis

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Contact dermatitis and Eczema

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burning, itching, pain, eythema to hyperpugmentation of skin

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elimination of cause or allergen and topical corticosteroids

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treatment for contact dermatitis and eczema

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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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reactivation of varicella-zoster virus residing in the ganglion cells

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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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involves the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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otalgia, vesicular eruption of the distal canal and concha and occasional facial nerve paralysis

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systemic antivirals and analgesics

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treatment for Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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External otitis

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inflamamtoy condition of th external ear

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Swimmer's ear

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inflammation of the external auditory canal, ivolving oly the canal skin

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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most common etiologic agent for Swimmer's ear

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Swimmer's ear

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pruritus, otalgia varying from sense of fullness to throbbing pain, conductive hearing loss, erythema of canal skin, tenderness of tragus, and foul-smelling discharge

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cleaning and drying of the EAC

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most important in the management for Swimmers ear

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Circumscribed Otitis Media

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also known as furuncle located in the cartilaginous part of the EAC

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S. aureus

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most common cause of Circumscribed Otitis Media

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oral antibiotics nd analgesics

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treatment for Circumscribed Otitis Media

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Necrotizing External Otitis/ Maternal External Otitis

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severe form of otitis externa that occurs in the elderly or immunocompromised

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Necrotizing External Otitis/ Maternal External Otitis

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an acute otitis externa that does not heal but develops to a chronic course

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Necrotizing External Otitis/ Maternal External Otitis

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progessive pain ad drainage from the EAC, granulaation tissue present

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P. aeruginosa

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most common causative organism in Necrotizing External Otitis/ Maternal External Otitis

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radical surgucal debridement with semi-synthetic penicilin and aminoglycoside

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management for Necrotizing External Otitis/ Maternal External Otitis

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Otomycosis

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fungal infection of EAC

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Otomycosis

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severe itching, ear fullness and mild otalgia

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Otomycosis

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upon otoscopy, fungi appear as white, yellow or blackk membrane lining the swollen EAC

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cleaning and drying of EAC

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most important in treating otomycosis

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Bullous Myringitis

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inflammation of the tympanic membrane usually accompanying middle and /or external ear infectio

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Bullous Myringitis

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intitial otalgia followed by a bloody discharge due to rupture of bullae

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Buullous Myringitis

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at otoscopy, hemorrhagic blebs or bullae on the tympanic membrane and adjacent canal can be seen

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S. pneumonia, H. infleunza, M. catarrhalis

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most common bacterial pathogens of Acute Otitis Media

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Stage of Hyperemia

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initial phase of infection wherein there is there is erythema of mucosa, edema of mucoperiosteum and congestion of mucus embrane

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Stage of Hyperemia

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Otoscopy will show dilated vessels in the tympanic membrane

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Stage of Exudation

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outpouring of fluid from dilated vessels of the mucoperiosteum

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Stage of Exudation

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pain is prominent symptom, because of intense pressure due to retained fluid

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Stage of Exudation

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Otosocpy reveals a hyperemic, bulging tympanic membrane with loss of its anatomic landmarks

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Stage of Suppuration

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there is treatment failure during previous stages

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Stage of Suppuration

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exudate present in the middle ear cavity becomes very good culture medium for bacteria to grow

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Stage of Resolution/ Perforation

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preceded by a rupture of the tympanic membrane

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Stage of Complication

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categorized with changes within the middle ear and mastoid area or secondary infection involving surrounding structures

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Chronic Otitis Media

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refers to a permanent tympanic membrane perforation with associated middle ear and mastoid disease

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Choleostoma

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keratiniing squamous epithelium in bony spaces that destroys bone through an inflammatory osteoclastic process