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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Computer Literacy
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AKA digital literacy.
having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses *Keep up with the changes to remain computer literate |
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Computer
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electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data, process data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use
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hardware
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electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer
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input device
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allows you to enter data or instructions into a computer ie. keyboard
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output device
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conveys info to one or more people. ie. speakers
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system unit
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a case that contains the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data
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storage device
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records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
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storage media
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where computers keep data, instructions, and information
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communications device
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enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and info to one or more computers
*modem |
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user
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anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates
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How do people use the internet?
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to communicate with other people, conduct research information and news; shop; bank and invest; online trading; entertaining activities; download music and videos; etc
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Web
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world wide web (www) contains billions of documents called web pages
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Software
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aka program.
series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform, and how to do it |
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System Software
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programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices.
Two types: operating system & utility programs |
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operating system
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coordinates activities among computer hardware devices
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utility program
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perform maintenance type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or programs
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application software
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consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks.
*web browsers; word processing software; etc |
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personal computer
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a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
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mobile computer
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a PC you can carry from place to place
*laptop or notebook |
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mobile device
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a computing device small enough to carry in your hand
*smart phone |
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server
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controls access to hardware, software, or other resources on a network and provides centralized storage.
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mainframe
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large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously and can store huge amounts of data, instructions, and information
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supercomputer
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fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer and is used for applications requiring complex, sophisticated math calculations
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embedded computer
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special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
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home user
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family members using a computer for various reasons at home
*personal finance, school, communications, entertainment |
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small office/home office user
(SOHO) |
includes any company with less than 50 employees or a self employed person who works from home using basic business software
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Mobile User
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employees and students who work on a computer while away from a main office, home office, or school
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Power User
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uses powerful computers to work with industry specific software
*can exist in all types of business |
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Enterprise User
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works or interacts with a company with many employees and uses a computer network that processes high volumes of transactions per day.
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Online Banking
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accessing information
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online investing
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buy and sell stocks and bonds
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computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
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assists manufacturers with the manufacturing process
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Heath care uses for computers
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maintain patient records, assist doctors with medical tests and research, file insurance claims, implants etc
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government uses for computers
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provide citizens with up to date info, gov employees use them for daily routines
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Science uses for computers
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collecting, analyzing, modeling data
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Publishing computer uses
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developing pages, and make works available online
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Travel computer uses
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navigation sustems
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Cable internet service
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high-speed internet through cable tv lines via a cable modem
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DSL (digital subscriber line)
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high-speed internet using phone lines
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Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
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high-speed internet using fiber optic cables
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Fixed Wireless
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H-S internet using dish shaped antenna to communicate via radio waves
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Wi-Fi
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uses radio signals to provide connections to wireless devices
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Cellular Radio Network
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H-S internet connections for wireless devices with WIRELESS modems
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Satellite Internet Device
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H-S internet using satellite dish
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Access Provider
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business providing access to the internet (free or fee)
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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regional or national access provider
**Cox |
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Online Service Provider (OSP)
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provides internet access in addition to members-only features
*instant messaging |
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Wireless Internet Service Provider
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provides wireless internet to devices able to connect
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web browser
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application software allowing users to access web pages
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web address
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unique address for each web page
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web page
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consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific web page or location on a web page(links)
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web portal
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web site that offers a variety of internet services from one location
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Blog
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informal web site consisting of time-stamped posts
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Wiki
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collaborative website, allows users to modify, create, add to, delete web site content
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Web application
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web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a web browser
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content aggregator
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business that gathers and organizes web content, then distributes, or feeds the content to subscribers (free or fee)
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plug-in
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a program that extends the capability of a browser
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What are the steps to Web publishing?
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1. plan Web site
2. analyze and design web site 3. create web site 4. deploy web site 5. maintain web site |
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VoIP (voice over internet protocol)
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enables users to speak to each other over the internet
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FTP (file transfer protocol)
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internet standard permitting uploading and downloading with other computers over the internet.
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newsgroup
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online area where users have written discussions about a particular subject
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message board
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popular discussion group easier to use than a newsgroup
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Netiquette
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short for internet etiquette.
the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the internet |
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Four categories of application software
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business
graphics and multimedia home, personal, education communications |
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personal information manager
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appointment calendar, address book, note pad etc
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software suite
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collection of individual programs available together as a unit (Microsoft Office)
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Project management software
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allows users to plan, schedule, track, and analyze events resources, and cost of a project.
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Document management software
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provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user
**PDF - Adobe |
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Computer-aided design (CAD) software
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assists a professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs
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desktop publishing (DP) software
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enables professional designers to create sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and colors. (textbooks)
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Image editing software
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provides capabilities of paint software and also allows modification of existing images
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professional photo editing software
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allows high volume digital photo users to edit and customize digital photos
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multimedia authoring software
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allows users to combine photo, text, video, audio, animation etc
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web page authoring software
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helps users create web pages and organize and maintain web sites
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educational software
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teaches a particular skill
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Personal DTP software
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helps home and small businesses create newsletters, brochures, etc.
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Personal finance software
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simplifies accounting software
*balancing check books etc |
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Legal Software
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helps prepare legal documents
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Processor (CPU)
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interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate s computer
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control unit
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directs and coordinates most of the operations in a computer
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arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
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performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
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Machine cycle operations (4)
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1. fetching
2. decoding 3. executing 4. storing CPU repeats these for every instruction |
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Fetching
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obtains a programs instruction or data item from memory
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Decoding
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translates the instruction to signals the computer can execute
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Executing
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carries out the commands
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Storing
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writes the result to memory (not to storage medium)
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Bit
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smallest unit
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byte
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8 bits
*can represent 256 individual characters |
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volatile memory
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loses its contents when the computer is powered off
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nonvolatile memory
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does not lose its contents when the computer is powered off
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RAM (Random Access Memory)
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aka main memory volatile
consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices. |
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What are the three basic types of RAM chips?
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1. dynamic RAM (DRAM)
2. static RAM (SRAM) 3. magnetorresistive RAM (MRAM) |
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ROM (read only memory)
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nonvolatile memory refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions that usually cannot be modified
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Flash Memory
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nonvolatile
can be erased electronically and rewritten |
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CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)
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nonvolatile
uses battery power to retain information even when power to the computer is off. |
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expansions slot
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a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card
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adapter card
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aka expansion card
circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connection to a peripheral |
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peripheral
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device that connects to the system unit
*modem disk drive, printer, scanner etc. |
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USB
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universal serial bus port
can connect up to 127 different peripheral with 1 coinnector. |
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Bluetooth
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uses radio waves to transmit data between 2 devices
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SCSI port
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attaches the system unit to SCSI peripherals such as printers and disk drives
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eSATA port
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connects H-S external SATA hard disk to a computer
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IrDA port
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allows wireless devices to transmit signals to a computer via infrared light waves
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MIDI port
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connects the system to a musical instrument
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bus
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an electrical channel along which the bits transfer within the circuitry of the computer allowing devices both inside and attached to the system to communicate
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bus width
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determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time. The larger the bus, the faster it transfers data.
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Types of buses
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1. system bus aka front side bus (FSB)
2. backside bus (BSB) 3. expansion bus |
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How do you clean a system unit?
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turn off and unplug all cables and remove battery. Use compressed air to blow dust from openings. use an antiseptic wipe to clean the case, and soft cloth for the screen.
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Microsoft surface
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a tabletop display that allows users to interact with the screen using their fingers or hands
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OCR (optical character recognition)
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reads hand drawn marks on a form
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RFID device
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reads information on an embedded tag via radio waves
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MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)
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read text printed with magnetic ink
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Biometric input
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fingerprints, hand geometry, facial features, voice, signatures and eye patterns
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ink-jet printer
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sprays tiny drops of ink onto paper
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laser printer
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operates like a copy machine - high speed, high quality
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thermal printer
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pushes electrically heated pins against heat sensitive paper
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plotters
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high quality drawings in specialized fields
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large format printer
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large photo-realistic-quality color prints
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dot-matrix printer
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impact printer that produces an image when tiny wire pins on a print head strike an inked ribbon
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line printer
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prints an entire line at a time
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hard disk
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a storage device that contains one or more inflexible circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data..
*aluminum, ceramic or glass* <-- platters |
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How is a hard disk capacity determined?
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longitudinal recording or perpendicular recording, number of platters it contains, and the composition of the magnetic coating on the platters
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how many RPMs do hard disk platters run while the computer is turned on
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5,400-15,000 which allows nearly instant access to all tracks and sectors on the platters
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RAID (redundant array of independent disks)
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a group of two or more integrated hard disks.
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disk controller
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consists of a special purpose chip and electronic circuits that control the transfer of data
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solid state media
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solely made up of electronic components and no moving parts
*flash memory chips* |
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common types of memory cards
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compact flash (CF)
secure digital (SD) microSD xD picture card memory stick etc |
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express card module
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removable device that adds storage or other capabilities to a computer and are commonly used in notebooks
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Advantages of Cloud storage
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available for all sizes of users, accessing via the internet from any computer or device with internet access, storing large audio/video, allowing others to access data, viewing time-critical info instantly, storing off-site backups, providing data center functions
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How do optical disc store information?
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using microscopic pits (indentations) and lands (flat areas). A high powered laser light creates the pits, and a lower-powered laser reads items by reflecting light through the bottom of the disc
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Blu-ray Capacity
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100GB
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HD VMD (versatile multilayer disc) capacity
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40GB or more
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Microfilm
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a 100-215 foot roll of film used as storage
inexpensive, small *longest life span along with microfiche |
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microfiche
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small sheet of film 4 x 6 inches
inexpensive, small *longest lifespan along with microfilm |
