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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an aperture?
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Size and length of a shot. Determines how much light hits subject.
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What is an f-stop and how is it calculated?
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Determines how much of the foreground/background is in focus. Found by dividing focal length by diameter of the lens.
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List all f-stops:
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(short DoF) F2, F2.8, F4, F5.6, F8, F11, F16, F22, F32 (long DoF)
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What is depth of field (DoF) and how does it work?
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The "sharp" part of the image. Higher f-stop = long DoF and Lower f-stop = short DoF
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What are three things that determine DoF?
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Subject distance, lens focal length, and f-number.
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What is focal length?
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Distance from the lens to film. (Image distance for a far subject)
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What is a shutter?
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A device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time.
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What is shutter speed and how does it work?
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Exposure speed. Controlled by aperture levels. (left = blur; right = stop motion)
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List shutter speeds:
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(all 1/x seconds)
1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1,000 |
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Calculate shutter speeds + f-stops. F8 and 1/60. Increase by two stops:
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Go two right for f-stop and two left for shutter speed. So, F16 and 1/15.
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What happens to exposure if you open one stop?
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Whites get brighter. Exposure doubles, so 1/125 would become 1/60.
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What happens to exposure if you close one stop?
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Shadows get darker. Exposure halves, so 1/250 would become 1/500.
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What is bracketing?
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Taking several of the same shot with different settings.
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What is the law of reciprocity?
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How shutter speed and f-stop work together.
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What is panning and how does it work?
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Horizontal movement of the camera. Creates a background blur and sharp subject.
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When should a tripod be used?
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When you need a set of still photos from the same location.
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What is the plane of critical focus?
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Portion of the photo that is optically in focus.
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What are circles of confusion?
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An optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source.
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What is film speed?
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Measure of sensitivity to light. (ISO)
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Difference between ISO 100, 400, and 3,200?
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Lower ISOs, like 100, allow less light in. (use for overly bright scenes) Higher ISOs, like 3200, allow more light in. (use for darker scenes)
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Why use RAW instead of JPEG and TIF?
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It keeps it in its original and most modifiable state.
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