Digestive System Chapter 12 Medical Terminology

Front 1

*CHOLECYSTOCHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

Back 1

Gallstones in the gallbladder and the common bile duct

Front 2

*CHOLELITHIASIS

Back 2

Abnormal presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

Front 3

*GASTRODUODENOSTOMY

Back 3

A new permanent opening between the stomach and the duodenum; an anastomosis

Front 4

*HEMATOCHEZIA

Back 4

Bright, red color in the stool which means that the bleeding is much lower

Front 5

*MELENA

Back 5

Black, tarry stool signifying blood in the stool

Front 6

ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND

Back 6

The use of very high frequency sound waves to provide visualization of the internal organs of the abdomen (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, bladder and ureters).

Front 7

ABDOMINOCENTESIS (PARACENTESIS)

Back 7

The insertion of a needle or trochar into the abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid, with the person in a sitting position.

Front 8

ABSORPTION

Back 8

The passage of substances across and into tissues, such as the passage of digested food molecules into intestinal cells or the passage of liquids into kidney tubules

Front 9

-ACE

Back 9

Enzyme

Front 10

ACHALASIA

Back 10

Decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus along with constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 11

ACHLORHYDIA

Back 11

An abnormal condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice

Front 12

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT)

Back 12

A hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated amounts due to liver dysfuction; also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Front 13

ALIMENTARY CANAL

Back 13

A musculomembranous tube, about 30 ft. long, extending from the mouth to the anus and lined with mucous membrane. Also called the digestive tract or the gastrointestinal tract

Front 14

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)

Back 14

Enzyme is found in the highest concentrations in the liver, biliary tract, and bone

Front 15

AMINO ACIDS

Back 15

An organic chemical compound composed of one or more basic amino groups and one or more acidic carboxyl groups

Front 16

AMYL/O

Back 16

Starch

Front 17

AMYLASE

Back 17

An enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules

Front 18

ANAL FISTULA

Back 18

An abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus usually connecting with the rectum

Front 19

ANOREXIA

Back 19

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

Front 20

ANUS

Back 20

The opening through which the solid wastes (feces) are eliminated from the body

Front 21

APHAGIA

Back 21

A condition characterized by the loss of the ability to swallow as a result of organic or psychologic causes

Front 22

APHTHOUS STOMATITIS

Back 22

Small inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring on the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth; also called canker sores

Front 23

APPEND/O

Back 23

Appendix

Front 24

APPENDECTOMY

Back 24

Surgical removal of an inflammed appendix

Front 25

APPENDIC/O

Back 25

Appendix

Front 26

APPENDICITIS

Back 26

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix

Front 27

ASCITES

Back 27

An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The fluid contains large amounds of protein and electrolytes.

Front 28

ASCITIC FLUID

Back 28

A watery fluid containing albumin, glucose, and electrolytes that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in association with certain disease conditions (such as liver disease)

Front 29

BARIUM ENEMA (BE) (LOWER GI SERIES)

Back 29

Infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum and held in the lower intestinal tract while X-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract.

Front 30

BICUSPID TOOTH

Back 30

One of the two teeth between the molars and canines of the upper and lower jaw, they have a flat surface with multiple projections (cusps) for crushing and grinding food; also known as premolar tooth

Front 31

BIL/I

Back 31

Bile

Front 32

BILE

Back 32

A bitter, yellow-green secretion of the liver

Front 33

BILIRUBIN

Back 33

The orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span

Front 34

*BORBORYGMUS

Back 34

An audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis. Borborygmi are rumbling, gurgling, and tinkling noises heard when listening with a stethoscope.

Front 35

BOWEL

Back 35

The portion of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric opening of the stomach to the anus

Front 36

BUCC/O

Back 36

Cheek

Front 37

CANINE TOOTH

Back 37

Any one of the four teeth, two in each jaw, situated immediately lateral to the incisor teeth in the human dental arches; also known as the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 38

CARDIAC SPHINCTER

Back 38

The muscular ring in the stomach that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach; also known as the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 39

CEC/O

Back 39

Cecum

Front 40

CECUM

Back 40

A cul-de-sac containing the first part of the large intestine. It joins the ileum, the last segment of the small intestine

Front 41

CELI/O

Back 41

Pertaining to the abdomen

Front 42

CELIAC DISEASE

Back 42

Nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa

Front 43

CENTESIS

Back 43

Surgical Puncture

Front 44

CHEIL/O

Back 44

Lips

Front 45

CHEILOPLASTY

Back 45

Surgically correcting a defect of the lip

Front 46

CHOL/E

Back 46

Bile

Front 47

CHOLECYST/O

Back 47

Gallbladder

Front 48

CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Back 48

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Front 49

CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY (ORAL)

Back 49

Visualization of the gallbladder through X-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye.

Front 50

CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS

Back 50

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Front 51

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

Back 51

Gallstones that have formed in the common bile duct

Front 52

CHYME

Back 52

The liquidlike material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach just before it is released into the duodenum

Front 53

CIRRH/O

Back 53

Yellow, tawny

Front 54

CIRRHOSIS

Back 54

A disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative, causing injury to the hepatocytes (functional cells of the liver)

Front 55

COL/O

Back 55

Colon

Front 56

COLON

Back 56

The portion of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

Front 57

COLON/O

Back 57

Colon

Front 58

COLONOSCOPY

Back 58

The direct visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberoptic colonoscope

Front 59

COLORECTAL CANCER

Back 59

The presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

Front 60

COLOSTOMY

Back 60

The surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled (an abdominal-wall anus) by bringing the incised colon out to the abdominal surface

Front 61

COMMON BILE DUCT

Back 61

The duct formed by the joining of the cystic duct and hepatic duct

Front 62

CONSTIPATION

Back 62

A state in which the individual's pattern of bowel elimination is characterized by a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements and the passage of hard, dry stools. The individual experiences difficult defecation.

Front 63

CROHN'S DISEASE

Back 63

Digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia

Front 64

CROWN

Back 64

The part of the tooth that is visible about the gum line

Front 65

CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Back 65

A painless, noninvasive X-ray procedure that produces an image created by the computer representing a detailed cross section of the tissue structure within the abdomen

Front 66

CUSPID TOOTH

Back 66

AKA canine tooth; Any one of the four teeth, two in each jaw, situated immediately lateral to the incisor teeth in the human dental arches; also known as the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 67

DECIDUOUS TEETH

Back 67

The 1st set or primary teeth; baby teeth

Front 68

DEFECATION

Back 68

The act of expelling feces from the rectum through the anus

Front 69

DEGLUTITION

Back 69

Swallowing

Front 70

DENT/O

Back 70

Tooth

Front 71

DENTAL CARIES

Back 71

Tooth decay caused by acid-forming microorganisms

Front 72

DENTIN

Back 72

The chief material of teeth surrounding the pulp and situated inside of the enamel and cementum

Front 73

DIARRHEA

Back 73

The frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Front 74

DIETITIAN

Back 74

An allied health professional trained to plan nutrition programs for sick as well as healthy people. This may involve planning meals for a hospital or large organization or individualized diet counseling with patients

Front 75

DIGESTION

Back 75

The process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be used by the body cells. This occurs in the digestive tract

Front 76

DIGESTIVE TRACT

Back 76

AKA alimentary canal; A musculomembranous tube, about 30 ft. long, extending from the mouth to the anus and lined with mucous membrane. Also called the digestive tract or the gastrointestinal tract

Front 77

DIVERTICULAR DISEASE

Back 77

An expression used to characterize both diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Diverticulosis describes the noninflamed outpouchings or herniations of the muscular layer of the intestine, typically the sigmoid colon. Inflammation of these outpouchings (called diverticula) is referred to as diverticulitis.

Front 78

DUODEN/O

Back 78

Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

Front 79

DUODENUM

Back 79

The 1st portion of the small intestine. The duodenum is the shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small intestine--taking an almost circular course from the pyloric valve of the stomach so that its termination is close to its starting point

Front 80

DYSENTERY

Back 80

A term used to describe painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants

Front 81

DYSPEPSIA

Back 81

A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating. Involves an uncomfortable feeling of fullness, heartburn, bloating, and nausea.

Front 82

DYSPHAGIA

Back 82

Difficulty in swallowing, commonly associated with obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus

Front 83

ECSTACIA

Back 83

Stretching or dialation

Front 84

ECTOMY

Back 84

Surgical Removal

Front 85

EMACIATION

Back 85

Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition

Front 86

EMESIS

Back 86

To vomit

Front 87

EMULSIFY

Back 87

To disperse a liquid into another liquid, making a colloidal suspension

Front 88

ENAMEL

Back 88

A hard, white substance that covers the dentin of the crown of a tooth. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.

Front 89

ENDOCRINE GLAND

Back 89

A gland that secretes its enzymes directly into the blood capillaries instead of being transported by way of ducts

Front 90

ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP)

Back 90

A procedure that examines the size of and the filling of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization with a fiberoptic endoscope

Front 91

ENTER/O

Back 91

Intestine

Front 92

ENZYME

Back 92

A protein produced by living cells that catalyzes chemical reactions in organic matter

Front 93

ERUCTATION

Back 93

The act of bringing up air from the stomach with a characteristic sound through the mouth; belching

Front 94

ESOPHAG/O

Back 94

Esophagus

Front 95

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

Back 95

Swollen, twisted (tortuous) veins located in the distal end of the esophagus

Front 96

ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD)

Back 96

Process of direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted fiberoptic endoscope; also known as upper endoscopy

Front 97

ESOPHAGUS

Back 97

A muscular canal, about 24 cm long, extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 98

EXOCRINE GLAND

Back 98

A gland that secretes its enzymes into a network of tiny ducts that transport it to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

Front 99

EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (ESWL)

Back 99

An alternative treatment for gallstones by using ultrasound to align the computerized lithotripter and source of shock waves with the stones, to crush the gallstones and thus enable the contraction of the gallbladder to remove stone fragments

Front 100

FATTY ACIDS

Back 100

Any of several organic acids produced by the hydrolysis of neutral fats

Front 101

FECES

Back 101

Waste or excrement from the digestive tract that is formed in the intestine and expelled through the rectum

Front 102

FLATUS; FLATULENCE

Back 102

Air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

Front 103

FLUOROSCOPY

Back 103

Radiological technique used to examine the function of an organ or a body part using a fluoroscope

Front 104

GALLBLADDER

Back 104

A pear-shaped excretory sac lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver

Front 105

GALLSTONES (CHOLELITHIASIS)

Back 105

Pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization

Front 106

GASTR/O

Back 106

Stomach

Front 107

GASTRIC ANALYSIS

Back 107

Study of the stomach content to determine the acid content and to detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells

Front 108

GASTRIC LAVAGE

Back 108

The irrigation, or washing out, of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution

Front 109

GASTROENTEROLOGIST

Back 109

A medical doctor who specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract (including the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and bile duct)

Front 110

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX

Back 110

A backflow of content of the stomach into the esophagus that is often the result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 111

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Back 111

A musculomembranous tube, about 30 ft. long, extending from the mouth to the anus and lined with mucous membrane. Also called the digestive tract or the gastrointestinal tract

Front 112

GAVAGE

Back 112

A procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube

Front 113

GINGIV/O

Back 113

Gums

Front 114

GINGIVAE

Back 114

Gum tissue (singular: gingiva; plural: gingivae)

Front 115

GLOSS/O

Back 115

Tongue

Front 116

GLUC/O

Back 116

Sugar, sweet

Front 117

GLUCAGON

Back 117

A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose when the blood sugar level is dangerously low

Front 118

GLUCOSE

Back 118

A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits, and major source of energy occurring in human and animal body fluids

Front 119

GLYC/O

Back 119

Sugar, sweet

Front 120

GLYCOGEN

Back 120

A complex sugar (starch) that is the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells. It is formed from glucose and stored chiefly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in muscle cells.

Front 121

GLYCOGENESIS

Back 121

The conversion of simple sugars (glucose) into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver

Front 122

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Back 122

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver, releasing it back into the circulating blood in response to a very low blood sugar level.

Front 123

HEMORRHOIDS

Back 123

An unnaturally distended or swollen vein (called a varicosity) in the distal rectum or anus

Front 124

HEPAT/O

Back 124

Liver

Front 125

HEPATITIS

Back 125

Acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection, drugs, alcohol, toxins, or parasites.

Front 126

HEPATOCYTE

Back 126

Liver cell

Front 127

HERNIA

Back 127

An irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity's muscular wall.

Front 128

HERNIORRHAPHY

Back 128

The surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures, mesh, or wire.

Front 129

HERPETIC STOMATITIS

Back 129

Inflammatory infectious lesions in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or a secondary viral infection caused by herpes simplex.

Front 130

HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE (CONGENITAL MEGACOLON)

Back 130

Absence at birth of the autonomic ganglia in a segment of the intestinal smooth muscle wall that normally stimulates peristalsis

Front 131

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Back 131

A compound consisting of hydrogen and chlorine

Front 132

IASIS

Back 132

Presence of an abnormal condition

Front 133

ICTERUS

Back 133

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood; also called jaundice

Front 134

ILE/O

Back 134

Ileum

Front 135

ILEUM

Back 135

The distal portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum

Front 136

ILEUS

Back 136

A term used to describe an obstruction of the intestine.

Front 137

INCISOR

Back 137

One of the 8 front teeth, 4 in each dental arch, the 1st appear as primary teeth during infancy are replaced by permanent incisors during childhood and last until old age

Front 138

INSULIN

Back 138

A natually occurring hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood

Front 139

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

Back 139

Complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the content in the small or large intestines

Front 140

INTUSSUSCEPTION

Back 140

Telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine, usually in the ileocecal region (causing an obstruction)

Front 141

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS); SPASTIC COLON

Back 141

Increased motility of the small or large intestinal wall, resulting in abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, and the trapping of gas throughout the intestines

Front 142

JAUNDICE

Back 142

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood; also called icterus

Front 143

JEJUN/O

Back 143

Jejunum

Front 144

JEJUNUM

Back 144

The intermediate or middle of the three portions of the small intestine, connecting proximally with the duodenum and distally with the ileum

Front 145

LAVAGE

Back 145

The process of irrigating (washing out) an organ, usually the bladder, bowel, paranasal sinuses, or stomach for therapeutic purposes

Front 146

LEPAR/O

Back 146

Abdominal wall

Front 147

LINGU/O

Back 147

Tongue

Front 148

LIP/O

Back 148

Fat

Front 149

LIPASE

Back 149

An enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats

Front 150

LITH/O

Back 150

Stone; calculus

Front 151

LIVER

Back 151

The largest gland of the body and one of its most complex organs

Front 152

LIVER BIOPSY

Back 152

A piece of liver tissue is obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the liver through the abdominal wall

Front 153

LIVER SCAN

Back 153

A noninvasive scanning technique, which enables the visualization of the shape, size, and consistency of the liver after the IV injection of a radioactive compound

Front 154

LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Back 154

The muscular ring in the stomach that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach

Front 155

LOWER GI TRACT

Back 155

The lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract consisting of the small and large intestines

Front 156

LYSIS

Back 156

Destruction or detachment

Front 157

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Back 157

A noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation

Front 158

MANDIBUL/O

Back 158

Mandible (lower jaw bone)

Front 159

MASTICATION

Back 159

Chewing, tearing, or grinding food with the teeth while it becomes mixed with saliva

Front 160

McBURNEY'S POINT

Back 160

A point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip. When tenderness exists upon this area, a physician might suspect appendicitis

Front 161

MOLAR TOOTH

Back 161

Any of 12 molar teeth, 6 in each dental arch, located posterior to the premolar teeth. The molar teeth have a flat surface with multiple projections (cusps) for crushing and grinding food.

Front 162

NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION

Back 162

Involves tube placement through the nose into the stomach for the purpose of relieving gastic distension by removing gastric secretions, gas, or food.

Front 163

NAUSEA

Back 163

An unpleasant sensation often leading to the urge to vomit

Front 164

NUTRITIONIST

Back 164

An allied health professional who studies and applies the principles and science of nutrition

Front 165

ODONT/O

Back 165

Teeth

Front 166

OR/O

Back 166

Mouth

Front 167

ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA

Back 167

A precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth

Front 168

OROPHARYNX

Back 168

The section of the pharynx leading away from the oral cavity

Front 169

PALATE

Back 169

A structure that forms the roof of the mouth

Front 170

PANCREAS

Back 170

An elongated organ approximately 6-9 inches long, located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that secretes various substances such as digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon

Front 171

PANCREAT/O

Back 171

Pancreas

Front 172

PANCREATITIS

Back 172

An acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas

Front 173

PAPILLAE

Back 173

A small, nipple-shaped projection that extend from collagen fibers, the capillary blood vessels, and sometimes the nerves of the dermis

Front 174

PAROTID GLAND

Back 174

One of the largest pairs of salivary glands that lie at the side of the face just below and in front of external ear

Front 175

PEPSIA

Back 175

State of digestion

Front 176

PEPTIC ULCERS (GASTRIC, DUODENAL, PERFORATED)

Back 176

A break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity or the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Front 177

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC CHOLANGIOGRAPHY (PTC)

Back 177

An examination of the bile duct structure using a needle to pass directly into a intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium

Front 178

PERIDONTAL DISEASE

Back 178

A term used to describe a group of inflammatory gum disorders, which may lead to degeneration of teeth, gums, and sometimes surrounding bones

Front 179

PERISTALSIS

Back 179

The coordinated, rhythmic, serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract, bile through the bile duct, and urine through the ureters.

Front 180

PERITONE/O

Back 180

Peritoneum

Front 181

PERITONEUM

Back 181

A specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera

Front 182

PERITONITIS

Back 182

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 183

PERMANENT TEETH

Back 183

The full set of teeth (32 teeth) that replace the deciduous or temporary teeth

Front 184

PHAGIA

Back 184

To eat

Front 185

PHARYNG/O

Back 185

Pharynx

Front 186

PHARYNX

Back 186

The throat; a tubular structure about 13cm long that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus and is situated just in front of the cervical vertebrae

Front 187

PLASTY

Back 187

Surgical Repair

Front 188

POLYPS, COLORECTAL

Back 188

Colorectal polyps are small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum

Front 189

PREMOLAR TOOTH

Back 189

AKA bicuspid tooth; One of the two teeth between the molars and canines of the upper and lower jaw, they have a flat surface with multiple projections (cusps) for crushing and grinding food; also known as premolar tooth

Front 190

PROCT/O

Back 190

Anus or rectum

Front 191

PRURITUS ANI

Back 191

A common chronic condition of itching of the skin around the anus

Front 192

PULP

Back 192

Any soft, spongy tissue--such as that contained within the spleen, the pulp chamber of the tooth, or the distal phalanges of the fingers and the toes

Front 193

PYLORIC SPHINCTER

Back 193

A thickened muscular ring in the stomach that regulates the passage of food from the pylorus of the stomach into the duodenum

Front 194

REBOUND TENDERNESS

Back 194

A sensation of severe pain experienced by the patient when the doctor applies deep pressure to the abdomen and release it quickly. When this deep pressure is applied to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen at McBurney's point, and this type of pain is experienced, it is a strong indicator of appendicitis.

Front 195

RECT/O

Back 195

Rectum

Front 196

RECTUM

Back 196

The portion of the large intestine, about 12 cm long, continuous with the descending sigmoid colon (just proximal to the anal canal)

Front 197

RRHAGIA

Back 197

Excessive flow or discharge

Front 198

RRHAPHY

Back 198

Suturing

Front 199

RUGAE

Back 199

A ridge or fold that presents large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ

Front 200

SALIVA

Back 200

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary and mucous glands in the mouth

Front 201

SALIVARY GLANDS

Back 201

One of the 3 pairs of glands secreting into the mouth, thus aiding the digestive process

Front 202

SECONDARY TEETH

Back 202

The full set of teeth (32 teeth) that replace the deciduous or temporary teeth

Front 203

SERUM BILIRUBIN

Back 203

A measurement of the bilirubin level in the serum. The levels are a result of the breakdown of RBCs

Front 204

SERUM GLUTAMIC-OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (SGOT)

Back 204

An enzyme that has very high concentrations of liver cells; also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

Front 205

SIAL/O

Back 205

Salivary gland; saliva

Front 206

SIGMOID COLON

Back 206

The portion of the colon that extends from the end of the descending colon in the pelvis to the juncture of the rectum

Front 207

SIGMOID/O

Back 207

Sigmoid colon

Front 208

SMALL BOWEL FOLLOW-THROUGH

Back 208

Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows through the GI system. X-ray films are obtained at timed intervals to observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine

Front 209

SPASM

Back 209

Twitching; involuntary contraction

Front 210

SPHINCTER

Back 210

A circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening in the body, such as the hepatic sphincter in the muscular coat of the hepatic veins near their union with the superior vena cava (and the external anal sphincter, which closes the anus).

Front 211

STEAT/O

Back 211

Fat

Front 212

STEATORRHEA

Back 212

Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces, characterized by frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats (as in celiac disease), some malabsorption syndromes, and any condition in which fats are poorly absorbed by the small intestine

Front 213

STOMACH

Back 213

The major organ of digestion located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and divided into a body and pylorus

Front 214

STOMAT/O

Back 214

Mouth

Front 215

STOOL ANALYSIS FOR OCCULT BLOOD

Back 215

The analysis of a stool sample to determine the presence of blood not visible to the naked eye (i.e. hidden or occult blood).

Front 216

STOOL CULTURE

Back 216

Involves collection of a stool specimen placed on one or more culture mediums and allowed to grow colonies of microorganisms to identify specific pathogen(s).

Front 217

STOOL GUAIAC

Back 217

A test on a stool specimen using guiac as a reagent, which identifies the presence of blood in the stool

Front 218

THRUSH

Back 218

A fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing sore, creamy white, slightly raised curdlike patches on the tongue and other oral mucosal surfaces. Caused by Candida albicans.

Front 219

TRESIA

Back 219

Perforation

Front 220

TRIGLYCERIDES

Back 220

A compound consisting of a fatty acid (oleic, palmitic, or stearic) and glycerol

Front 221

TRIPSY

Back 221

Intentional crushing

Front 222

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Back 222

A chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon in the form of ulcers. Characterized by large watery diarrheal stools containing mucous, pus, or blood.

Front 223

UPPER GI TRACT

Back 223

The upper part of the gastrointestinal tract consisting of the mouth, pharynx, esphagus, and stomach.

Front 224

URINARY BILIRUBIN

Back 224

Tests for conjugated or direct bilirubin in a urine specimen.

Front 225

UVULA

Back 225

The small, cone-shaped process suspended in the mouth from the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate

Front 226

VILLI

Back 226

One of the many tiny projections barely visible to the naked eye clustered over the entire mucous surface of the small intestine.

Front 227

VOLVULUS

Back 227

A rotation of loops of bowel, causing a twisting on itself that results in an intestinal obstruction

Front 228

VOMIT

Back 228

To expel the content of the stomach through the esophagus and out of the mouth

Front 229

VOMITUS

Back 229

To vomit; emesis