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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood. |
Digestion |
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Production of cellular ATP Constructive and degradative cellular activities |
Metabolism |
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Two main groups of digestive system |
Alimentary canal & Accessory digestive organs |
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Continuous coiled hollow tube |
Alimentary canal |
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Organs of Alimentary canal |
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus |
MPESSLA |
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Protect the anterior opening of Oral Cavity |
Lips or Labia |
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Forms the lateral walls |
Cheeks |
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Forms the anterior roof |
Hard palate |
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Forms the posterior roof |
Soft palate |
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Fleshy projection of the soft palate |
Uvula |
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Space between lips externally and teeth and gums internally |
Vestibule |
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Area contained by the teeth |
Oral Cavity |
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Attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull, and by the lingual frenulum |
Tongue |
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Two types of tonsils found in oral Cavity |
Palatine tonsil & lingual tonsil |
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Other term for chewing |
Mastication |
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The processes of the mouth |
Mastication (chewing) of food Mixing masticated food with saliva Initiation of swallowing by the tongue Allowing for the sense of taste |
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In the Pharynx anatomy, it is not part of the digestive system |
Nasopharynx |
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It is posterior to oral Cavity |
Oropharynx |
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Below to oropharynx and connected to the esophagus |
Laryngopharynx |
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Pharynx Function |
Serves as a passageway for air and food Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers Food movement is by alternating contractions of the muscle layers |
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What are the two muscle layers involved |
Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer |
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Food movement is also called? |
Peristalsis |
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Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm Conducts food by peristalsis Passageway for food only |
Esophagus |
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Layers of Alimentary canal organs |
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa |
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Innermost layer Moist membrane |
Mucosa |
Consist of: Surface epitheliumSmall amount of connective tissue (lamina propria)Small smooth muscle layer |
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Just beneath the mucosa Soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings,and lymphatics |
Submucosa |
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A smooth muscle |
Muscularis externa |
Consist of; Inner circular layerOuter longitudinal layer |
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The outermost layer (visceral peritoneum) Layer of serous fluid-producing cells |
Serosa |
Serous |
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Three separate Networks of nerve Fibers |
Submucosal nerve plexus Myenteric nerve plexus Subserous plexus |
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Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity |
Stomach |
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Food enters at the _____ |
Cardioesophageal sphincter |
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Food empties into the small intestine at the _____ |
Phyloric sphincter |
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Internal folds of the mucosa |
Rugae |
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Internal regions of the stomach |
Lesser curvature Greater curvature |
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Layers of peritoneum attached to the stomach |
Lesser omentum & greater omentum |
It also contains fat to insulate, cushion and protect abdominal organs |
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Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature |
Lesser omentum |
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Attaches the greater curvature to the posterior body wall |
Greater omentum |
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Stomach functions |
Acts as a storage tank for food Site of food breakdown Chemical breakdown of protein begins Delivers chyme to the small intestine |
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What is chyme |
Processed food |
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Produce a sticky alkaline mucus |
Mucous neck cells |
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Secrete gastric juice |
Gastric glands |
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Produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinoogens) |
Chief cells |
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Produce hydrochloric acid |
Parietal cells |
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Produce gastrin |
Endocrine cells |
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Formed by folded mucosa |
Gastric pits |
Structure of the stomach mucosa |
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The body's major digestive organ Site of nutrient absorption into the blood Muscular tube extending form the phyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery |
Small intestine |
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3 Subdivisions of the small intestine: |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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Attached to the stomach Curves around the head of the pancreas |
Duodenum |
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Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum |
Jejunum |
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Extends from jejunum to large intestine |
Ileum |
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Enters and stores bile |
Gallbladder |
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Small projections of the plasma membrane Found on absorptive cellls |
Microvilli of the small intestine |
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Structures involved in absorption of nutrients; |
Absorptive cells Blood capillaries Lacteals |
A B L |
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Specialized lymphatic capillaries |
Lacteals |
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Called circular folds or plicae circulares Deep folds of mucosa and submucosa Do not disappear when filled with food |
Folds of small intestine |
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The submucosa has _____ |
Peyer's patches |
Collections of lymphatic tissue |
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Larger in diameter but shorter than the small intestine Frames the internal abdomen |
Large intestine |
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