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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
distension of the stomach initiates what reflex |
gastroenteric reflex |
|
gastroenteric reflex serves what function |
accelerates grandular secretion and peristaltic activity |
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the gastroileal reflex responds to what |
a response to circulating levels of gastrin |
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the entry of food in the stomach triggers the release of what |
gastrin |
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what relaxes the ileocecal valve at the entrance of the large intestine |
gastrin |
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how long does it take for food to pass from the duodenum to the end of the ileum |
5 hours |
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functions of intestinal juice |
moistens intestinal contents buffers acids keeps digestive enzymes and products of digestion in solution
|
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what is important in regulating the secretions of the digestive tract |
hormonal and cns controls |
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what protects the duodenal epithelium from gastric acids and enzymes |
duodenal glands |
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when do the duodenal glands start secreting |
cephalic phase due to parasympathetic stimulation |
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what is released when the PH in the duodenum falls due to acidic chyme |
secetin |
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what do pancreatic islets secrete |
insulin and glucagom |
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numerous ducts that branch throughout the pancreas and are sac like pouches are called |
pancreatic acini |
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acinar cells secrete what |
enzymes and buffers |
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what controls the production and secretin of pancreatic enzymes |
CCK |
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three most abundant proteases |
trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase |
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four lobes of the liver |
left right caudate quadrate |
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basic functional unit of the liver |
liver lobules |
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liver cells |
hepatocytes |
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specialized and highly permeable capillaries |
sinusoids |
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liver cell that are phagocytic |
kuppfer cells |
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what consists of a portal area |
two branchs plus a bile duct |
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hepatocytes release bile into what |
channels of bile canniculi |
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bile in the common hepatic duct may flow where |
common bile duct or cystic duct |
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three liver functions |
metabolic regulation hematological regulation bile production |
|
the fat soluble vitamins are |
DEAK |
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where is bile from the liver excreted |
into the lumen of the duodenum |
|
required for normal digestion and absorbtion of fats |
bile salts |
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passegeway that enters the duodenum for bile secretion |
bile papillae |
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what surrounds the common bile duct and pancreatic duct |
hepatopancreatic sphincter |
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what hormone triggers bile secretion from the gall bladder |
cholecystokinin |
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what may happen if bile salts become to concentrated |
may precipitate forming gall stones |
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functions of the large instestine include |
reabsorbtion of water and compactin of feces |
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3 parts of large intestine |
cecum, colon, rectum |
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what guards the connection between the cecum and ileum |
illeocecal valve |
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pouches along the cecum are called |
haustra |
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three longitudinal muscles along the colon that form haustra |
taeniae coli |
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small longitudinal folds in the anal canal |
anal columns |
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what three vitamins are generated by bacteria within the colon |
vitamin k biotin vitamin b5 |
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bacterial actin breaks down peptides remaining in feces and generate |
ammonia nitrogen containing compounds hydrogen sulfide |
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what vitamin has to bond to an intrinsic factor |
b12 |
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how does the digestive system affect the nervous system |
provides substrates for neurotransmitter release |
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what are the accesory organs |
salivary glands gallbladder liver pancreas |
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digestive functions |
ingestion mechanical processing digestion secretion absorbtion excretion
|
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the lamina propria is within what part of the digestive tract |
the mucosa |
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a layer of loose connective tissue in the digestive tract |
adventitia |
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suspend portions of the digestive tract |
mesentarys |
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the muscularis externa moves materials through the digestive tract by means of |
peristalsis |
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movements in areas of the small intestine that churn digestive materials is called |
segmentation |
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what lines the buccal cavity |
oral mucosa |
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salivation is controlled by |
the ANS |
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what covers the root |
cementum |
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four regions of the stomach |
cardia fundus body pylorus |
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in a relaxed state, the stomach contains numerous ridges and folds called |
rugae |
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parietel cells secrete what |
intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid |
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chief cells secrete |
pepsinogen |
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the intesitinal mucosa bears transverse folds called |
plicae |
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each villus contains a lymphatic vessel called |
lacteal |
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exocrine gland ducts branch repeatedly before ending in the |
pancreatic acini |
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the bile ducts from each lobule unite to form |
the common hepatic duct |
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functions of the liver |
metabolic regulation hematological regulation production of bile |
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cholecystokinin permits relaxtion of what that in turn allows bile to enter the duodenum |
hepatopancreatic sphincter |
|
fatty acids and other lipids react with bile salts to form |
micelles |