Digestive System

Front 1

Wall of the digestive system The layer with Epithelial with glands and goblet cells

Back 1

Mucosa

Hint 1

Inner most layer

Front 2

Loose Connective tissue with blood vessels and lymph nodes

Back 2

Submucosa

Hint 2

Layer just beneath inner most layer

Front 3

2 muscle layers, the inner being circular and the outer being longitudinal.

Back 3

Muscularis

Hint 3

Third layer right before seRosa

Front 4

layer that is Epithelial,and secretes fluid to prevent friction

Back 4

SeRosa

Hint 4

Outer most layer of the digestive system wall

Front 5

Active process

Back 5

Ingestion

Hint 5

Functions

Front 6

During/after ingestion

Back 6

Mechanical Processing

Hint 6

One of the functions of the digestive system

Front 7

Chemical Breakdown

Back 7

Digestion

Hint 7

Functions

Front 8

By epithelia

Back 8

Secretion

Hint 8

Functions

Front 9

Molecular uptake

Back 9

Absorption

Hint 9

Functions

Front 10

Removal of wastes

Back 10

Excretion

Hint 10

A Function of the digestive system

Front 11

Motor parasympathetic fibers to all the organs (except the adrenal glands),neck down to the second segment of the transverse colon

Back 11

Vagus Nerve cranial nerve 10

(CN X)

Hint 11

Nervous stimulation

Front 12

Enteric nervous system between longitudinal and circular muscle layers found in the esophagus,stomach,and intestine; motor sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 12

Myenteric Plexus

Hint 12

Nervous stimulation

Front 13

In the submucosa;derived from the Myenteric plexus;Motor para sympathetic;also sensory neurons.

Back 13

Submucosal plexus

Hint 13

Nervous stimulation

Front 14

Stabilizes the liver

Back 14

Falciform Ligament

Front 15

Fuse with abdominal wall; “lock” organs into place

Back 15

Mesentary Proper & Mesocolon

Front 16

Inferior and supports intestines

Back 16

Greater Omentum

Front 17

Superior and stabilizes the stomach

Back 17

Lesser Omentum

Front 18

Suspend abdominal organs

Back 18

Mesentaries

Front 19

Produces peritoneal fluid

Back 19

Visceral & parietal Peritoneum

Hint 19

Lined with serous membranes

Front 20

Contractions that push a food bolus forward.

Circular muscles contract behind the bolus and relax ahead of the bolus.

Longitudinal muscles contact ahead of the bolus

Back 20

Peristalsis

Hint 20

Movement

Front 21

Churning motions that fragment a bolus

Back 21

Segmentation

Hint 21

Movement

Front 22

Between lips cheeks and teeth

Back 22

Vestibule

Hint 22

The mouth

Front 23

Where food enters oropharynx

Back 23

Fauces

Hint 23

The mouth

Front 24

Mucosal folds that “bridle” lips to gums or tongue to floor (lingual)

Back 24

Frenulum

Front 25

Bound externally by lips (Labia)and cheeks lip color is due to poor keratinization.

Analyzes mechanically processes food lubricate with secretions begin digestion of carbohydrates

Back 25

The mouth

Front 26

Anterior

Made of bone

Back 26

Hard Palate

Hint 26

2 palates

Front 27

Posterior

Made of muscle

Ends at the Uvula (what hangs down at the back of your throat)

Back 27

Soft palate

Hint 27

2 palates

Front 28

Protect from infection

Disappear as an adult

Back 28

Tonsils

Front 29

Three pairs

Parotid- in the cheeks

Sublingual- Under the tongue

Submandibular- under floor of the mouth

Back 29

Salivary glands

Hint 29

Salivary amylase starts digesting starches

Front 30

InVisible portion of tooth

Back 30

Root

Front 31

Visible portion of the tooth

Back 31

Crown

Front 32

Between the crown and the root of the tooth

Back 32

Neck of the tooth

Hint 32

Neck of the tooth

Front 33

Is the hollow center of the tooth

Back 33

Pulp cavity

Front 34

Contains nerves and blood vessels of tooth

Back 34

Root canal

Front 35

Soft gel and Pulp cavity

Back 35

Pulp

Hint 35

Teeth

Front 36

Hard matter covering pulp

Back 36

Dentin

Hint 36

Teeth

Front 37

Covers Dentin

Back 37

Enamel

Hint 37

Teeth

Front 38

Covers Dentin in root

Back 38

Cementum

Hint 38

Teeth

Front 39

PDL attaches root to Alveolar process

Back 39

PerioDontal ligament

Hint 39

Teeth

Front 40

Gingiva

Back 40

Guns

Hint 40

Teeth

Front 41

Single Root; Blade-shaped, biting teeth

Back 41

Incisors

Hint 41

type of Teeth

Front 42

Single root, cone-shaped for tearing

Back 42

Cuspids

Canine

Hint 42

Type of teeth

Front 43

1 or 2 roots, flat crowns with ridges, grinding

Back 43

Premolars

Bicuspids

Hint 43

type of Teeth

Front 44

Three or more roots, flat crowns ,with ridges, grinding and crushing

Back 44

Molars

Hint 44

what type of Teeth

Front 45

Receives food from mouth and air from nasal cavities

Food and air cross here

Swallowing is a reflex action with the soft palate closing off the gap

Back 45

The pharynx

Front 46

Flaps over the trachea

Back 46

Epiglottis

Hint 46

Pharynx

Front 47

Is the opening of the larynx

Back 47

Glottis

Hint 47

Pharynx

Front 48

Muscular tube from pharynx to stomach

Bolus moves through peristalsis

No chemical digestion here

Sphincters at both ends

Back 48

Esophagus

Hint 48

Esophagus

Front 49

prevents air entering Esophagus

Back 49

Upper esophageal Sphincter

Front 50

Prevents backflow of stomach contents if Loose can lead to heart burn

Back 50

Lower esophageal sphincter

Hint 50

The Esophagus

Front 51

Starts off voluntary then becomes involuntary

A.k.a. deglutition

Back 51

Process of swallowing

Front 52

Voluntary process of swallowing

Back 52

Buccal Phase

Hint 52

Process of swallowing

Front 53

Swallowing reflex is controlled by medulla, involuntary

Back 53

Pharyngeal phase

Hint 53

Process of swallowing

Front 54

Involuntary process of swallowing

Back 54

Esophageal Phase

Hint 54

Process of swallowing

Front 55

J shaped organ

Functions:

-stores ingested food

-mechanical breakdown

-breakdown of chemical bonds

-Production of (IF)intrinsic factor needed for B 12 absorption

Alcohol is absorbed directly but food is not. It’s can also damage epithelial cells and increase turnover.

Back 55

Stomach

Front 56

Produces IF and HCl

PH of 1.5 – 2.0 Very acidic on a scale of 0-14

Kills bacterial invaders denatures proteins breaks down plant cell walls and activates pepsin

Back 56

PArietal Cells

Hint 56

Gastric Glands

Front 57

Produces pepsinogen which converts to Pepsin to digest proteins

Back 57

Chief cells

Zymogenic cells

Hint 57

Gastric glands

Front 58

Secrete mucus

G cells secrete gastrin

D cells secrete Somatostatin (inhibits gastrin)

P/D1 cells secrete gherlin (Initiate hunger & Antagonistic to leptin)

Secretes (w/small intestine) obestatin(decreases appetite and thirst)

Back 58

Pyloric Glands

Front 59

mucous cells secrete mucus to offer protection

Back 59

Gastric Pits

Front 60

Small part by heart

Back 60

Cardia

Hint 60

Regions of stomach

Front 61

Junction Between esophagus and stomach

Back 61

Fundus

Hint 61

What region of stomach

Front 62

Major portion of stomach

Back 62

Body

Hint 62

Region of stomach

Front 63

Connects to duodenum of S.I.

Back 63

Pylorus

Antrum

Hint 63

Regions of stomach

Front 64

Wrinkles in the stomach allow for expansion up to50 X original size

Back 64

Rugae

Hint 64

Structure inside lining of stomach

Front 65

Back 65

anatomy & regions & muscular layers of Stomach

Front 66

Contains a third layer of muscle and oblique layer

Back 66

Stomach

Front 67

One of the three Gastric phases

Begins when you see smell taste or even think of Food uses the PNS lasts only minutes

Back 67

CEPHALIC gastric phase

Hint 67

Gastric phases

Front 68

begins with food entering the stomach (distention/pH changes/undigested proteins);Lasts 3-4 hours

Back 68

GASTRIC gastric phase

Hint 68

Gastric phases

Front 69

Begins when Chyme enters the small intestine; controls the rate of gastric emptying

Back 69

INTESTINAL gastric phase

Hint 69

Gastric phases

Front 70

Absorption of the monomer units occurs here

Digestion of carbs proteins and lipids

20 feet long/3 sections

-duodenum (“12 Fingers”)

-jejunum(“Empty”)

-ileum (“twisted”)

>Ends @ Illeocal valve

Back 70

The small intestine

Front 71

Folds similar to rugae, do not disappear when full

Back 71

Plicae Circulares

Hint 71

The small intestine

Front 72

In the mucosa lined with simple columnar epithelium to increase surface area and increase absorption of nutrients

Back 72

Villi/Microvilli

Hint 72

The mucosa

Front 73

Secretes a gel like mucus via Merocrine secretion

Back 73

Goblet cells

Hint 73

The mucosa of the small intestine

Front 74

Receives bile to emulsify fats from the gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreas

Back 74

Small intestine duodenum

Front 75

Front (Term)

Back 75

Goblet cells The Mucosa small intestine

Front 76

Basic pH to neutralize chyme

Secretes intestinal juice Lactase-lactose sugars & peptidase-proteins

Works with blood vessels to uptake nutrients and with the lymphatic system to uptake lacteals (milky colored due to fatty acids)as well as to illuminate foreign invaders

Back 76

Bile

Front 77

Epithelial cells that shed and release enzymes

Back 77

Intestinal glands

-AKA Crypts of LIEBERKUHN

Front 78

Produce mucus to protect from acidic chyme since they contain biCarbonate ions

Back 78

Duodenal Glands

-AKA BRUNNER’s Glands

Front 79

Lymphoid tissue

ileum

Back 79

Peyer’s patches

Front 80

Contains head body and tail contains duct contains Acini contains islets of Langerhans

Back 80

The pancreas

Front 81

Blocks the pancreatic ducts

Patient requires enzymes taken with meals

Back 81

(CF) Cystic fibrosis

Front 82

Pockets in the pancreatic lobules

Back 82

Pancreatic Acini

Front 83

Scattered among the Acini

Back 83

Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

Front 84

Scattered among the Acini

Back 84

Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

Front 85

Secretes into Duodenum

Back 85

Pancreatic Duct

Front 86

Pancreatic amylase

Back 86

Digests starch

Front 87

Trypsin

Back 87

Digests protein

Hint 87

Digestive enzymes of pancreas

Front 88

Pancreatic Lipase

Back 88

Digests fats

Hint 88

Pancreas digestive enzymes

Front 89

Endocrine & Exocrine functions of pancreas

Back 89

Secretes insulin & glucagon

Sodium bicarbonate & Digestive enzymes

Front 90

Formed by union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct it is located at the major duodenal papilla

Back 90

The hepatopancreatic Ampulla(of Vater)

Front 91

Gate keeper of the blood

Largest gland in the body with four lobes

Back 91

The liver

Front 92

Large lobes of the liver

Back 92

Right and left

Hint 92

Right and left

Front 93

Two small lobes of the liver

Back 93

Caudate & Quadrate

Hint 93

Separated by the falciform ligament

Front 94

Arranged in radial rows of

Back 94

Hepatocytes

Hint 94

The liver

Front 95

Divided functional units of the liver

Back 95

Lobules

Front 96

Are hexagonal in shape consist of branches of a bile duct hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Back 96

Triads

Hint 96

6 portal per lobule

Front 97

Detoxifies blood

Stores iron A,D,E,K & B 12

Makes plasma proteins(albumins&fibrinogen)

Stores excess glucose as glycogen

Produces urea

Makes bile by removing bilirubin

Regulates blood cholesterol

Back 97

Functions of the liver

Front 98

Making oil and water mix

Back 98

Emulsification

Front 99

Bile travels through passageways

Back 99

Bile canaliculi->to

Bile ductules,>to

bile ducts

Front 100

Left and right hepatic ducts form the

Back 100

Common hepatic duct which joins the cystic duct as the common bile duct