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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glucose
fructose galactose |
monosaccharaides
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sucrose
lactose maltose |
disaccharides
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the main polysaccharide in the body
storage form of glucose |
glycogen
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how we store fat in our body
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triglycerides
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amino group (NH2)
acidic carboxyl group (COOH) side chain (R group) |
protein conformation
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stomach= water and alcohol
SI= all macronutrients LI= electrolytes & vitamins |
absorption
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-mechanical digestion (bolus)
-chemical digestion --amylase (begin CARB BRKDWN) --lingual lipase (not yet activated) |
digestion in the MOUTH
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ions: k, na, cl, bicarb, phosphate
lingual lipase (triglyc) salivary amylase (starch) lysozyme (bacteria) |
solutes in saliva
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- waves ev 15-20secs
- 2 quarts/day gastric juice |
stomach: mechanical digestion
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PROTEIN digestion BEGINS
-HCl denatures -HCl transforms pepsinogen into pepsin--> breaks peptide bonds FAT digestion BEGINS - lingual lipase activated - gastric lipase |
stomach: chemical digestion
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- releases enzymes to brkdwn all macronutrients
- enzymes: ---pancreatic amylase ---pancreatic lipase - pancreatic proteases ---trypsin ---ribonuclease ---deoxyribonuclease |
PANCREAS-
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- brkdown AA
- GNG - store triglycerides - brkdwn fatty acids - produce bile - store glycogen, vitamins - make CHO - detox |
LIVER functions
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- emulsification of lipids
- neutralize chyme |
fxn of bile
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CARBS
- pancreatic amylase - BBEs- sucrase, lactase, maltase PROTEINS - trypsin (panc protease) - carboxypeptidases - aminopeptidases LIPIDS - pancreatic lipase NUCLEIC ACIDS - ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease |
SI: Chemical Digestion
DJI |
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absorption of: monosaccharides, AAs, dipeptides, tripeptides, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins, H2O
villi & crypts epithelial cells released into SI (endocrine, columnar, goblet) |
SI: Absorption
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composed of long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides
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micelle
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too big to fit into blood vessel; travels via lymphatic fluid to L subclavian vein
longer path to get into blood |
lacteal
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forces chyme from SI to LI
mechanical dygestion |
gastroileal reflex
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bacteria fermentation
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final decomposition; LI
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woody pts of plants
may help protect against colon cancer |
insoluble fiber
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gel-like consistency, beans oats citrus apples
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soluble fiber
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stimulated by: food in stomach, partially digested proteins, PSNS
action: secretion of gastric juices, incs gastric motility, constrict lower esoph sphincter, relax pyloric sphincter (allow food to move into SI) |
gastrin
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stim'd by: AA and FFA in SI
action: secretion of pancreatic juice, release of bile, gives feelings of satiety, inhibits HCl |
Cholecystokinin CCK
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stim'd by: acid in SI
action: enhances effects of CCK; secretion of pancreatic juice, production of bile |
Secretin
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stim'd by: low pH in stomach (acidic storm)
action: inhibits CCK, secretin, gastrin (i.e. decreases rate of digestion & absorption) tries to raise pH |
Somatostatin
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- circulate to the LIVER and can be stored as GLYCOGEN or converted to FFA
can be stored in the MUSCLE as GLYCOGEN and in the adipose tissue as TG |
simple sugars...
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in the LIVER can be converted to NEW GLUCOSE or NEW PROTEINS
in the TISSUES can make PROTEINS or new glucose can be stored as GLYCOGEN |
AAs...
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