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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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food broken down into smaller pieces by teeth then moved along the GI tract via peristalsis |
mechanical digestion |
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chemical digestion |
carbs, proteins and fats broken down into nutrients that the body can absorb and use |
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where is bile made |
liver |
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where is bile stored and secreted |
gallbladder |
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function of bile |
fat emulsifier |
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function of villi in the small intestine |
increase surface area to absorb |
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how many calories does soluble fiber provide |
2 cal/g |
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where in the GI system does most of the vitamins get absorbed |
small intestine |
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what is required in order to digest vitamin B12 |
intrinsic factor |
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pernicious anemia |
no intrinsic factor so cant absorb vitamin B12 |
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lower esophageal sphincter/cardiac sphincter |
bw esophagus and stomach |
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pyloric sphincter |
bw stomach and small intestine |
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ileocecal sphincter |
bw small and large intestine |
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makes the enzymes to digest all nutrient yielding things |
pancreas |
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secretes bicarbonate to neutralize chyme |
pancreas |
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what is food called that is in the mouth |
bolus |
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the enzyme in the mouth that acts on starches |
salivary amylase |
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2 factors that move the bolus through the esophagus and GI system |
peristalsis and gravity |
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where in the GI system is most of the bacteria in food destroyed |
stomach - via the acid it secretes and mixes w the bolus to make chyme |
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converts pepsinogen to pesin |
HCl |
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denatures proteins |
HCl |
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3 things that gastric enzymes contain |
HCl, pepsin and mucous |
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2 extra enzymes that kids have in their stomach |
renin and gastric lipase |
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upper portion of the stomach |
fundus |
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end of stomach near the small intestines |
pylorus |
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secretin |
causes pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of chyme |
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stimulates the gallbladder to release bile |
cholycystokinin |
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enzymes in pancreatic juices |
pancreatic proteases and pancreatic amylase |
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converts polysaccharides to simple sugars |
pancreatic amylase |
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where is lactase, maltase and sucrase made and secreted? |
small intestine |
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what are the 3 accessory organs? |
pancrease, gallbladder and liver |
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first section of the small intestine |
duodenum |
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middle section of the small intestine |
jejunum |
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last section of the small intestine
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ileum |
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function of large intestine |
absorb water and salts, volatile fatty acids for energy and make vitamin B and K |
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where in the GI tract is the longest transit time? |
large intestine |
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where in the GI tract does the most absorption occur? |
small intestine |
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where in the body does the gallbladder secrete bile to work on fat? |
small intestine |
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fermentation |
break down of protein and carbs anerobically |
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FODMAP stand for |
fermentable, oligo, di-, monosaccharides and polyols |
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contains live cultures of bacteria |
probiotics |
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prebiotics |
promote bacterial growth |
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2 hormones that primarly control catabolism |
T3 - triiodothyronine (active) and T4 - thyroxin (inactive) |
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metabolism speeds up and metabolizes food too quickly |
hyperthyroidism |
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metabolism slows down and metabolizes food too slowly |
hypothyroidism |
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presence of 3 or more liquids stools in 24 hours |
diarrhea |
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cause of diarrhea |
bacterial or viral infected foods |
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treatment of diarrhea |
eat solid foods and avoid sugary drinks |
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cause of IBS |
unknown |
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duodenal ulcers are associated with which bacteria |
H. pylori |
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constipation |
fewer than 3 bowel movement per week |
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treatment of constipation |
fluids and adequate fiber intake |
