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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
diffusion |
when a solute moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration (down its concentration gradient) |
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diffusion is a : |
passive process does not require input of energy |
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driving force for passive transport is the random collisions or |
kinetic energy |
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simple diffusion |
molecules such as water, oxygen and steroid hormones are able to freely cross the membrane |
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facilitated diffusion |
molecules such as ions glucose and amino acids aren't able to independently diffuse across the membrane-- use an assistance of channel or transport proteins to cross the cell membrane |
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unequal distribution of solute molecules |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed |
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unequal distribution of solute molecules |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed |
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areas of high concentraition |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another |
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unequal distribution of solute molecules |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed |
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areas of high concentraition |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another |
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area of low concentration |
few solute molecules; plenty of room for molecules to move from high concentration to low concentration |
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unequal distribution of solute molecules |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed |
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areas of high concentraition |
solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another |
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area of low concentration |
few solute molecules; plenty of room for molecules to move from high concentration to low concentration |
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equal distribution of solute molecules |
after time and many collisions solute molecules have spread evenly throughout solution |
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osmosis |
for it to occur, there must be a selectively permeable membrane that is passable to solvent(water) but impassable to solute |
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in osmosis water is freely passable and will diffuse from the side with: |
lower concentration(hypotonic solution) to higher concentration(hypertonic solution) in an attempt to reach an equilibrium by dilutiing the hypertonic solution |
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isotonic |
equal concentrations on either side of membrane; no further net movement from one side of membrane to the other; however since molecules of solute and solvent are always in motion water will continue to cross the membrane, but there is no net change in concentration |
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isotonic |
equal concentrations on either side of membrane; no further net movement from one side of membrane to the other; however since molecules of solute and solvent are always in motion water will continue to cross the membrane, but there is no net change in concentration |
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osmosis(easy thumb rule) |
water will always move from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution in attempt to make both solutions isotonic |
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hypotonic |
lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side |
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hypotonic |
lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side |
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hypertonic |
named for higher solute concentration; hyper-greater than; lower water(solute) concentration; net movement of water is toward this side |
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hypotonic |
lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side |
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hypertonic |
named for higher solute concentration; hyper-greater than; lower water(solute) concentration; net movement of water is toward this side |
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selectively permeable membrane |
water, the solvent can freely pass through; solute molecules cannot |
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with time, water moves down concentration gradient |
from hypotonic solution toward hypertonic solution goal is to reach equilibrium |
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isotonic solution |
iso means the same; equal solute and solvent concentrations on both sides of the selectively permeable membrane; water molecules continue to pass the membrane, but no further net movement |
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osmotic pressure |
the pressure generated within a cell as water presses against the plasma membrane |
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isotonic solution (RBC) |
equal solute concentration on both sides of membrane; no net concentration gradient; no net movement of water; no change in RBC shape |
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hypotonic solution (RBC) |
smaller solute concentration outside membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water into RBC; RBC cells swell and may lyse |
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hypotonic solution (RBC) |
smaller solute concentration outside membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water into RBC; RBC cells swell and may lyse |
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hypertonic solution(RBC) |
greater solute concentration outside of membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water out of RBC; RBC crenates |