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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is most water absorbed from
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small intestine
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what are the 4 types of diarrhoea
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secretory
hypermobility/ hypermotility osmotic inflammatory |
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what makes the GI lumen more hypotonic compared to the blood (i.e what causes water to be absorbed into the blood?
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Na+ in lumen
CFTR protein (stimulated by Gs-adenylyl cyclase- PKA - cAMP) moves Cl- into lumen |
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what's the mechanism of secretory diarrhoea
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no change in mucosal architecture
secrete lots salt from ↑CFTR stimulation (↑Cl- into lumen) water follows Cl- into bowel = diarrhoea |
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Cholera toxins increase cAMP, which diarrhoea does this cause and why
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Secretory
cAMP continuously cativates CFTR = ↑Cl- in lumen = less water reabsorption |
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S&Ss secretory diarrhoea
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dehydration
reduced skin tugor & dry mucousal membranes low BP, ↑HR low salt (U&Es) watery diarrhoea |
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whats the mechanism underlying hypermobility diarrhoea
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lumenal content progress rapidly = less absorption
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S&Ss hypermobility diarrhoea
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dehydration
abdo cramps (spasm) / tenderness ↑BS undig food in stool |
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mechanisms of OSMOTIC diarrhoea
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DEFECTIVE ion transport
solutes fail to be broken down & absorbed (sugar fermentation) = malabsorption |
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S&Ss of osmotic diarrhoea
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dehydration
bloating (sugar fermentation)/ flactulance need to eat high osmotic foods (e.g. sweets) malabsorption: anaemia, weight loss... pale stools FH |
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mechanism of INFLAMMATORY diarrhoea
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↑ capillary permeability = water excreted into lumen
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S&Ss of inflammatory diarrhoea
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dehydration
abdo pain/ tenderness/ distention blood / pus in stool FEVER |
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which notifiable GI infectious disease causes secretory diarrhoea
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Cholera- toxin ↑cAMP = ↑CFTR stimulation = ↑Cl- in lumen -= less water absorbed
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which type of diarrhoea:
- no structural change - ↑CFTR stimulation = ↑salt transport into lumen - dehydration, reduced skin tugor, low BP, ↑HR, watery diarrhoea, dry muous membranes |
Secretory diarrhoea
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which type of diarrhoea:
- reduced transit time - undig food in stool, malnutrition, abdo cramps/ tenderness, which type of diarrhoea: BS |
hypermobility
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which type of diarrhoea:
- defective ion transport, reduced nutrient break down = malabsorption - bloating, FH, pale stool, malabsorption |
osmotic diarrhoea
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which type of diarrhoea:
- increased capillary permeability - fever, pain, distention, blood/ pus in stool |
Inflammatory diarrhoea
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