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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sulfonylureas
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stimulates the pancreas to release insulin; 1st generation – Chlorpropamide (Diabanese); 2nd generation - glipizide(Glucotrol), glyburide (DiaBeta), glimepiride (Amaryl); hypoglycemia, nausea, weight gain
dont mix with sulfonamides, warafin and nsaids |
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Meglitinides
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stimulates the pancreas to release insulin; should be taken from 30 mins to right at meal time, work quickly; repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix); may cause hypoglycemia and weight gain less likely than sulfonylureas
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Biguanides
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↓ glucose production by the liver, enhances insulin sensitivity at the tissue level, & improves glucose transport across the cell; metformin (Glucaphage), Glucovance; Lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia when combined; contraindicated in renal impairment; renal failure w/iodinated contrast medium (intervention?)
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Thiazolidinediones (TZD)
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“insulin sensitizers”; stimulate insulin receptor sites; best for people w/ insulin resistance; may improve lipid profile and BP; pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia); hypoglycemia risk w/ insulin use; edema, weight gain, anemia, contraception effectiveness, liver dysfunction
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DDP-4 Inhibitor
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Newer class; inhibits incretin hormone that leads to ↑ insulin release and ↓ glucose production by the liver; sitigliptin (Januvia); upper respiratory symptoms; HA; GI symptoms don’t cause weight gain
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alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
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“starch blockers”; delay absorption of complex carbs and slow entry of glucose into circulation; best in lowering post-prandial glucose; acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset); GI S/E; must take w/ first bite of food
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rapid acting insulin: names, onset, peak , duration
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Humalog, Novolog, ,Adipra
10-15 min 1 hr 2-4 hrs |
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Short-acting insulin: names, onset, peak , duration
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Regular: Humalog R, Novolin R
30min-60min 2-3hr 4-6hr |
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Intermediate-acting insulin: names, onset, peak , duration
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NPH
2-4 hr 4-12hr 16-20hr |
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Very long-acting: names, onset, peak , duration
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Lantus, Levemir
1hr no peak 24hr |
