Dh Board Review/ Community :(

Front 1

The exam in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 1

survey

Front 2

The diagnosis in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 2

analysis

Front 3

The treatment planning in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 3

program planning

Front 4

The treatment in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 4

program operation

Front 5

The payment in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 5

finance

Front 6

The evaluation in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health

Back 6

evaluation/appraisal

Front 7

international group that focuses on health problems of international status

Back 7

World health organization

Front 8

6 federal groups concerned about health problems of national population

Back 8

department of health and human services
cdc
health resources and services administration
national institute of health
national institute of dental and craniofacial research
agency for healthcare research and quality

Front 9

what group published healthy people of 2010 and 2020

Back 9

department of health and human services

Front 10

four levels of government in public health

Back 10

international
federal
state
local

Front 11

types of samples

Back 11

random
stratified
systematic
judgement
convenience

Front 12

each element in the population has an equal chance of appearing; reduces chance of bias

Back 12

random

Front 13

select every "nth" to participate

Back 13

systmatic

Front 14

someone who knows the population selects the sample and since they are familiar with the population, they may be bias

Back 14

judgement

Front 15

selecting an element according to certain subgroups to diminish th echance of sample fluctuation

Back 15

stratified

Front 16

accomplished by selecting a proportionate number of subjects from each subgroup for the sample

Back 16

random stratified

Front 17

group is chosen because it happens to be comvienient; it may represent the population and there is an ease for the evaluator

Back 17

convienience

Front 18

what is being measured or observed

Back 18

vairable

Front 19

the outcome of interest should chance in response to intervention

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dependent variable

Front 20

the intervention what is being manipulated

Back 20

independent variable

Front 21

a science that describes data for the purpose of making interpretations

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statistics

Front 22

concerned with the presentation, organization, and summarization of the data

Back 22

descriptive statistics

Front 23

allows one to generalize from the sample o a larger group of subjectst

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inferential statistics

Front 24

tabulating how often each score occurs

Back 24

frequency distribution

Front 25

data is presentation in ascending or descending order along with the frequency of each score occuring in the data set

Back 25

ungrouped

Front 26

frequency of occurrence of scores up to and including any given value in the data set

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cumulative

Front 27

grouping vairables into consecutive intervals

Back 27

grouped

Front 28

the symmetry of the curve

Back 28

skew

Front 29

when more scores are in the lower range of a skew

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positive skew

Front 30

when more score are in the higher range

Back 30

negative skew

Front 31

scores are equally distributed around the mean; mean, median, mode have all the same value

Back 31

normal curve AKA Bell curve

Front 32

different ways to define the center or middle of a distribution

Back 32

measures of central tendency

Front 33

average # of scores; most commonly used

Back 33

mean

Front 34

divides the distrbutuion into 2 equal parts; half above, half below

Back 34

median

Front 35

score that occurs the greatest frequency; coresponds to the peak of the curve when plotted out

Back 35

mode

Front 36

describes how wide the scores are around a central point

Back 36

measures of distribution

Front 37

difference between the high and the low score; affected by extremely high or low scores

Back 37

range

Front 38

the square root of the sample variance; most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research; the larger the # representing the standard deviation, the wider the distribution curve

Back 38

standard deviation

Front 39

the degree to which a data collection instrument measures the variable it is designed to measure; does the test really measure what it claims to be measureing?

Back 39

validity

Front 40

the extent to which the method of measurement preforms consistency

Back 40

reliability

Front 41

consistent preformance by the same investigator when using a data collection instrument

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intraexaminer

Front 42

consistent preformance by a different investigator when using a data collection instrument

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interexaminer

Front 43

the process of establishing a relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure; helps increase interexaminer reliability

Back 43

calibration

Front 44

the ability of a test to correctly identify the presence of a disease

Back 44

sensitivity

Front 45

the ability of a test to correctly identify the absence of a disease

Back 45

specifity

Front 46

determines the strength of relationship between 2 vairables; shows a possible cause and effect; between -1 and +1; the closer to either -1 or +1 the stronger the correlation

Back 46

correlation co-efficient

Front 47

direct association between 2 variables; as value of x increases, the value of y increases; and vice versa

Back 47

positive correlation

Front 48

direct association between 2 variables; as value of x increases, the value of y decreases; and vice versa

Back 48

negative correlation

Front 49

the more hours you study= the higher your score will be

Back 49

positive correlation

Front 50

the more fluoride used= less caries

Back 50

negative correlation

Front 51

a statistical hypothesis test used when compairing the statistical difference between 2 mean scores

Back 51

t-test

Front 52

used when testing hypothesis; standard of acceptability is p < 0.05-1 out of 20 occurred bby chance, nothing to do with the testing situation

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p value ( probability value)

Front 53

involves techniques and agents to forestall onset and reverse progress of disease of arrest the disease process before treatment becomes necessary

Back 53

primary services

Front 54

examples of primary services

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plaque control
fluoride
sugar dicipline

Front 55

involves routine treatment methods to terminate a disease and restore tissues to as normal as possible; intervene or prevent the progression and recurrence of disease

Back 55

secondary services

Front 56

examples of secondary services

Back 56

periodontal debridement
restorations

Front 57

involves using measures necessary to replace lost tissue and rehabilitate patients

Back 57

tertiary services

Front 58

examples of tertiary services

Back 58

prosthedontics
implants
dentures

Front 59

an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population at a particular time and place

Back 59

epidemic

Front 60

a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course

Back 60

endemic

Front 61

an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical areas such as a continent

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pandemic

Front 62

the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time

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rate

Front 63

the nimber of live births

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natality

Front 64

the rate of an illness in a population

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morbidity

Front 65

the number of deaths in a population

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mortality

Front 66

the number of new cases in a population at risk during a particular period of time; conveys info abour the risk of contracting a disease

Back 66

incidence

Front 67

the number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time; tells how widespread the disease is

Back 67

prevalence

Front 68

an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak

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attack

Front 69

describes a epidemic with respect to person, place and time

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descriptive studies

Front 70

descriptive studies help determine:

Back 70

who, where,and when a disease is occuring

Front 71

aimed at testing a hypothesis

Back 71

analytical studies

Front 72

types of anylitical studies

Back 72

retrospective
prospective
longitudinal

Front 73

a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed into the future to determine the rate at which disease develops

Back 73

prospective study

Front 74

a group is observed over a long period of time

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longitudinal study

Front 75

seeks to compare those diagnosed with those who do not have the disease for proper exposure to specific risk factors

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retrospective study
(case-control study)

Front 76

a study carried out under controlled situations

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experemental studies

Front 77

experemental studies use two groups called:

Back 77

control groups
treatment groups

Front 78

experemental studies involve ___ which is the practice in which the researcher remains uninformed and unaware of the indentifies of treatment and control group members through the period of the experiment to prevent bias

Back 78

blindness

Front 79

the experemental study may be ____ which means that neither the researcher nor the subjects know who is recieving the tx

Back 79

double blind

Front 80

an expression of clinical observations in numeric value

Back 80

indices

Front 81

characteristics of an ideal index

Back 81

simple
valid
reliable
clear
sensitive
quantifiable
objective
accepted

Front 82

general catagories of indices

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reversible
irreversible
simple
cumulative

Front 83

measures cumulative conditions that cannot be reversed

Back 83

irreversible

Front 84

measures conditions that can be reversed or resolved

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reversible

Front 85

measures the presence or absence of a condition

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simple

Front 86

measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present

Back 86

cumulative

Front 87

decayed missing filled teeth

Back 87

DMFT

Front 88

decayed missing filled surfaces

Back 88

DMFS

Front 89

irreversible and used to measure past and present caries experience of a population with permanent teeth

Back 89

DMFT/ DMFS

Front 90

decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth

Back 90

deft

Front 91

irreversible and measures observable caries experience in primary teeth and does not take into account that the teeth may have been exfoliated or extracted due to past caries experience

Back 91

deft

Front 92

decayed, filled teeth

Back 92

dft

Front 93

decayed, filled surfaces

Back 93

dfs

Front 94

irreversible and used to measure observable caries experience in primary teeth

Back 94

dft/ dfs

Front 95

root caries index

Back 95

RCI

Front 96

irreversible and attempts to assess the extent of root caries experience within the contex of individuals at risk for the disease; only takes into consideration areas of root exposure

Back 96

RCI

Front 97

gingival index

Back 97

GI

Front 98

reversible; based on severity of inflammation and location; can be used to determine prevalence and severity of gingivitis in cohort groups as well as in individual dentitions

Back 98

GI

Front 99

sulcular bleeding index

Back 99

SBI

Front 100

reversible; designed to ddetect early symptoms of gingivitis; useful in short-term clinical trials

Back 100

SBI

Front 101

periodontal disease index/ ramfjord

Back 101

PDI

Front 102

irreversible; measures the prevalance and severity of periodontal disease; measures both reversible (gingivitis) and irreversible (attachment loss) of periodontal disease

Back 102

PDi

Front 103

Periodontal disease /russell

Back 103

PI

Front 104

irreversible; each tooth is scored according to the condition of th esurrounding tissue; does not measure loss of attachment and there is a question of validity

Back 104

PI

Front 105

periodontal screening and recording

Back 105

PSR

Front 106

assesses the state of periodontal health in a rapid and effective manner; preliminary screening to determin need for full-mouth periodontal assessment; requires a special probe

Back 106

PSR

Front 107

the community periodontal index of treatment needs

Back 107

CPITN

Front 108

established by WHO to determine periodontal tx needs rather than periodontal status; requires a special probe

Back 108

CPITN

Front 109

simplified oral hygiene index

Back 109

OHI-S

Front 110

reversible; used to measure oral hygiene status; involves both a debris and calculus index

Back 110

OHI-S

Front 111

plaque index

Back 111

PlI

Front 112

reversible; measures difference in thickness of soft deposits at gingival margin; used in conjunction with gingival index

Back 112

PlI

Front 113

patient hygiene performance

Back 113

PHP

Front 114

reversible; assesses individual's performance in removing debris after toothbrushing instructions

Back 114

PHP

Front 115

volpe-manhold index

Back 115

VMI

Front 116

reversible; used to test agents for plaque control and calculus inhibition; scores supra calculus following prophy

Back 116

VMI

Front 117

process by which the program planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be

Back 117

needs assessment

Front 118

those whom the program is intended to serve

Back 118

target population

Front 119

complete exam- includes mouth mirror and explorer, lighting, radiographs, study models, tests a needed

Back 119

type I

Front 120

limited exam- includes mouth mirror and explorer, lighting, posterior bitewings and selected periapicals

Back 120

type II

Front 121

inspection- mouth mirror and lighting

Back 121

type III

Front 122

screening- tongue depressor and lighting

Back 122

type IV

Front 123

gathering info about the target population

Back 123

population profile

Front 124

broad based statement of what changes will occur as a result of the program

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goal

Front 125

specific statement that describes in a measurable manner, the desired result of the program based on needs of target population; can be considered steps to achieve the program goals

Back 125

objective

Front 126

stages of learning

Back 126

habit
action
involvement
self intrest
awareness
unawareness

Front 127

outcome evaluation- after the program; examing the processes or activities of a program after they have taken place; measures imact of program

Back 127

summative

Front 128

evaluation during the program; examining the processes or activities of the program as they are taking place

Back 128

formative