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67 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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organizational deviance
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role violation which is wide spread and supported within the norms of an organization, also known to be supported by elites
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more on: organizational deviance
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violates public interest, the people at the top are responsible, but bureaucratic structure protects them
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iatrogenic consequences of the medical model
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caused by the diagnosis, manner, or treatment of a physician. More meds for all, jumping to diagnosises
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"Law of Criminal Justice Thermodynamics"
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Increase severity of punishment, decrease the likelihood of that law being applied, increasing the heat, decreasing the application
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hydraulic view of sexuality
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Essentialist, sex is an overpowering and dangerous drive that when repressed can result in dangerous behavior, as a natural force being channeled it can lead to being very productivity
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constructionist view of sexuality
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no good or bad ways of understanding sex, it is what you make of it. No intrinsically deviant sexual behaviors
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abominations of the body
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elements that may or may not be chosen, achieved vs ascribed
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general deterrence
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you are made an example of for everyone else to see
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specific deterrence
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an attempt to deter the individual from committing the crime again
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features of punishment
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severity, certainty, swiftness
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swiftness
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social learning theory emphasizes this, always punishing the individual, dog training model.
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certainty
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you need to know that you will be caught and punished, if you know you will be caught you probably will not do it.
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severity
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emphasized in American Society, law of criminal justice thermodynamics
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medical (disease, essentialist) model of mental disorder
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talking about it as if its a disease, similar to biological diseases, pills are used to change the chemistry of the brain, making people feel better
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deviance (constructionist) model of mental disorder
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the same psychological illnesses are not found everywhere, society constructs what they want to believe are illnesses
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individual deviance
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white collar or occupational deviance, takes place within the context of their work, use of ones power and position to procure their own gains
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organizational deviance
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role violation which is wide spread and supported within the norms of an organization
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Two views for Corporate and government deviance
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Exceptionalistic and unviersalistic
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Exceptionalistic
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Individual (bad people are bad because there is something wrong with them)
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Universalistic
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System causes rule breaking
For the elite, a universalistic approach, the system causes problems |
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functionalistic
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since we find this deviance regularly, deviance must be health and necessary (Corporate and government deviance is because the rules are so complex and overwhelming)
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Etiological causes of prostitution
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functional- serves specialized sexual interests, protects the wives and daughters of society
economic- choice people make to get some money |
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obscenity in pornography
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illegal
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pornography
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not illegal, but not well liked either
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concerns of negative sexual side effects in pornography
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carthersist theory- viewing erotica is good, lets off steam
modeling theory- pornography is bad, because people model their behavior off of pornography |
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less sexual assault in cultures more open about their sexuality
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less sexual assault in cultures more open about their sexuality
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History of material controls in America
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Roth Decision
Keinmore? vs Mass Miller vs California |
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etiological views of homosexuality
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lifestyle- some people believe it is a choice, something that can be changed
biological- medicalization issues |
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three general categories of sexual deviance(variance)
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tolerated, asocial sexual variance, and structured sexual variance
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tolerated sexual variance
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formally disapproved of, but people do it anyway
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asocial sexual variance
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engaged in, but are sexually disapproved of, incest, sexual assault, etc
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structured sexual variance
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sexual difference around some structure in which there is some organization with defined roles
Homosexuality |
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informal mechanisms of social control
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norms- shared understandings of social behavior, violation of is considered deviant behavior, not living according to the norms causes people to feel uncomfortable
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social behavior is tentative
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people have deviant behavior all the time, but they do not necessarily feel bad about it
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virtual social identity
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the characterizations of the individual
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actual social identity
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attributes which the individual really possesses
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stigma
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an attribute that is deeply discrediting, relationship between the attribute and stereo type
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discredited
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stigma that is known about on the spot
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discreditable
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neither known about by those present nor immediately perceivable by them
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3 types of stigma
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abominations of the body- various physical deformities
blemishes of individual character-weak will, dishonesty, rigid beliefs tribal stigma- race nation and religon |
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iagrogentic consequences
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creating more problems when you are trying to solve them
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sexuality is learned
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we are told what is sexual
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residual rules
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everyday rules that we don't learn, but know anyway
getting in the elevator, but dont face front through residual rules, we come to learn who are mentally disordered |
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prostitutes career
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"caused by other people"
usually pretty short street level- both male and female, coming from not too priveledged backgrounds growing up in neighborhoods where prostitution is around sexual assault at some point in there life recognition that one could make money |
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four facts from sex in america
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1. 80% of adults have had only one or zero sexual partners in the last year
2. adults overwhelmingly have sex with a partner who is similar in characteristics to themselves 3.Behavior changed with the onset of AIDS 4. Unprotected vaginal sex leaves a 1 in 500 chance of getting AIDS |
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rich
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protect their interests with laws
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Enron, smartest guys in the room
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booking potential future profits before any came in
selling out others for bonuses paying for bonuses on things that did not actually happen pumping money into companies and then pulling out generally breaking the rules with no fear of consequences |
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Dwarves, not a fairy tale
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rejection of parents by angry man, likes little kids though
Little people afraid to say no to help painful attempts to try and grow and be normal overcoming your limitations or perceived limitations |
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Heavy petting
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50's educational film
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One nation under god
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the exodus- all homosexual relationships are sinful
founders found out that they love each other, could no longer consider themselves ex-gays psychoanalytic model- perceived as character disorder, something that could be treated and cured no one is really cured attempting to brainwash people |
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on being sane in insane places
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psuedopatients claimed to be hearing unfamiliar voices
after being admited to the ward, the psuedopatient ceased any claims to voices had to get out by convincing the staff that they were sane physicans follow a type 2 error, calling a healthy person sick hard to shake the sticky label, nothing a patient can do in fact, once they left, the label had to stick with schizophrenia in remission powerless and depersonalization -attitudes held towards the mentally ill hierachical structure of the hospital facilitates depersonalization |
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tearoom trade
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public restrooms where men engage in homosexual behavior
distinct rituals and social norms govern their behavior social image- heterosexual self-image- homosexual- stopping on the way home from work for instant sex in lower and middle class neighborhoods many men, but a minority of them active in the homosexual subculture no talking involved |
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denying the guilty mind: accounts for involvements in white collar crime
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white collar crime is not victimless
vocabulary of motives by white collar criminals to justify their actions white collar offenders can assume a non-criminal role high-status offenders get alot of media attention important to note that white collar criminals maintain a noncriminal attitude two forms of accounts justifications(in justifications actor admits responsibility, but denies pejorative content) and excuses(actor admits that the act was wrong, but denies full responsibility) apology- actor admits act was wrong, and seeks forgiveness for it neutralizations techniques are often employed to justify action for an act diffusion of responsibility makes it possible for people to get away with things in corporate crimes 3 reasons why accounts are important 1)shed light on neutralization techniques 2)illuminate underlying assumptions about what constitutes culpable criminality versus acceptable illegalities 3)some are more successful than others at minimizing the sanctions ajudication as a criminal is a degra |
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Dialing for dollars
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organizational deviance, large numbers of people mobilized
fraudulent telemarketers they describe their customers as greedy, gullible, and worthy of exploitation fraud hierarchical, there is a division of labor see no difference between their work and other businesses vocab of motives, strain theory has led them toward fraud |
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the meaning of social control
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informal social social controls
society needs social control keeping people in line, physical violence is the oldest means of social control consent is required informal- persuasion, ridicule, gossip |
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the meaning of social control
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informal social social controls
society needs social control keeping people in line, physical violence is the oldest means of social control consent is required informal- persuasion, ridicule, gossip |
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elite deviance
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since '70s there has been an increasing focus on elite deviance
bias from law enforcement towards elite deviance little funding towards the study of elites white collar crime is more ambiguous FBI- crimes that are committed by nonphysical means to avoid payment or loss of money or to obtain business or personal advantage where success depends on guile or concealment, applied towards everyone, not just elites types of harms by elite deviance physical harms- death/physical injury or illness financial harms- robbery, fraud and various scams not legally dined as fraud, but which nevertheless resul in consumers and investors being deprives of their funds moral harms- behavior of elites that forms a negative role model, it encourages deviance, distrust cynicism and or alienation Nixon->watergate-> public has yet to trust the government since 3 types of acts for our view of elite deviance 1)economic domination-crimes and unethical deeds that are committed by single corporations in league with other organizations 2) |
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marks of mischief
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physical appearance is essential to self definition
attractive people hold better lives achieved stigma degrees of what is accepted and what is not younger tattoo artists prefer creativity, self expression tattoos are impulse purchases |
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pathology of imprisonment
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prison experiment
being treated as less than human plea for prison reform psychology of being a prisoner or prison guard after 6 days of being a prisoner or a guard the experiment had to shut down prisoners became dehumanized, guards became tyranical no good guards ever interfered with the bad ones individual behavior largely under control of social forces illusion of freedom compared to what actually exists a)underestimate the power because non-obvious and subtle b)avoid enteriing situations we cannot control c)we mark others as weak or deviant, anyone who we feel woudl act differently than us many people can be put into situations that change their behavior, feel the need to blindly follow authority |
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the moral career of a mental patient
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two sides of a career, the internal self identity and the official position
moral aspects of a career- the regular sequence of changes that career entails in the persons self and in his framework of imagery for judging himself and others psychiatric view of a mental patient is so severe that it has altered his social fate 3 main phases prepatient phase few patients enter willingly losing ones mind is based on stereotypes can be a relief patient phase-entering the hospital expatient phase-leaving the hospital |
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sex, love,and health in America
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findings- sexual behavior of most adults in the us is very conventional- vast majority of 18-59 has had only one sexual partner within the past year, two times a week
our sex lives are deeply embedded socially, we meet our partners through our friendship networks, can influence our choice in partners 3 different types of views reproductionist recreationists relationist four facts 1.80% of adults have had only one or zero sexual partners in the last year 2.adults overwhelmingly have sex with a partner who has similar characteristics 3.behavior change for everyone to avoid AIDS 4. unprotected vaginal sex, 1 in 500 chance of getting AIDs |
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What is sexual deviance
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discussion between harmless and harmful sexual practices
when societies are in a rapid state of change they adhere less and less to society's norms today's deviance may be tomorrows norm definition of da deviant act should also have, relative to this or that relgion, state or group sexual norms, western culture has turned to religion for regulation leaders decide what is deviant, not the people two groups those who are disapproved of but widely practiced and those of that are completely and widely not admitted sadomachism dominance/bondage crossdressing hard/soft fetishes urolangia coprolangia necrophilia group sex |
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crime shame and reintergration
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love them dont turn them away
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on behalf of labeling theory
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labeling theory as a perspective rather than anything else
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Roth Decision-
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material is not obscene if it has redeeming social value
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Keinmore? vs Mass-
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Obscene if it offends community standards
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Miller vs California-
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If Serious Literary Artisitc Political Social test fails, it is pornography
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