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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviance |
Any attitude, behavior, or condition that violates cultural norms or societal laws and results in disapproval, hostility, and sanction if it becomes known. |
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Crime |
Any act defined as in the law as punishable by fines, imprisonment, or both. |
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Pluralistic Society |
Societies made of many diverse groups with different norms and values. |
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Capital Offenses |
Crimes considered so heinous they are punishable by death. |
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Phrenology |
A theory that the skull shapes of deviant individuals differ from those of nondeviants. |
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Atavism |
Throwbacks to primitive early humans. |
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Structural Strain |
In Merton's reformulation of Durkheim's functionalists theory, a form of anomie that occurs when a gap exists between society's culturally defined goals and the means society makes available to achieve those goals. |
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Strain theory |
The Theory that when there is a discrepancy between the cultural goals for success and the means available to achieve those goals, rates of deviance will be high. |
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Opportunity Theory |
The Theory that people differ not only in their motivations to engage in deviant acts but also in their opportunities to do so. |
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Class-dominant Theory |
Theories that a small and concentrated group of elite or upper-class people dominate and influence societal institutions; compatible with conflict theory |
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Structural Contradiction Theory |
The theory that conflicts generated by fundamental contradictions in the structure of society produce laws defining certain acts as deviant or nondeviant. |
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Feminist Perspective |
A perspective that suggests that studies of deviance have been subject to gender bias and that both gender-specific cultural norms and the particular ways in which women are victimized by virtue of their gender help to account for deviance among women. |
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Property Crimes |
Crimes that involve the violation of individuals' ownership rights, including burglary, larceny/theft, arson, and motor vehicle theft. |
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"War On Drugs" |
Actions taken by U.S. state and federal governments that are intended to curb the illegal drug trade and reduce drug use. |
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Informal Social Control |
The unofficial mechanism through which deviance and deviant behaviors are discouraged in society; most often occurs among ordinary people during the course of their interactions. |
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Violent Crimes |
Crimes that involve force or threat of force, including robbery, murder, assault, and rape. |
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Formal Social Control |
Official attempts to discourage certain behaviors and visibly punish others; most often exercised by the state. |
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Criminal Deviance |
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White-collar Crime |
Crime committed by people of high social statis in connection with their work. |
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State Crime |
Criminal or other harmful acts committed by state officials in the pursuit of their jobs as representatives of the government. |
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Labeling Theory |
A symbolic interactionist approach holding that deviance is a product of the labels people attach to certain types of behavior. |
