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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ages 40 to 65
Middle Adulthood
the term for when the lens loses its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances entirely, around age 60.
Presbyopia or "Old Eyes"
a disease in which poor fluid drainage leads to a buildup of pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve; leading cause of blindness among older adults
Glaucoma
age-related hearing impairments that involve a sharp loss at high frequencies around age 50, which gradually extends to all frequencies
Presbycusis
the epidermis becomes less firmly attached to the dermis, fibers in the dermis thin, and fat in the hypodermis diminishes, leading the skin to....
wrinkle & loosen
a severe version of age-related bone loss. Porous bones are easily fractured and when very mature, lead to a slumped-over posture, a shuffling gait, and a "dowager's hump" in the upper back.
osteoporosis
the end of menstruation and, therefore, reproductive capacity in women; occurs, on average, in the early fifties among North American, European, and East Asian women, although the age range is large-- from the late thirties to the late fifties.
menopause
low daily doses of estrogen, aimed at reducing the discomforts of menopause & protecting women from other impairments due to estrogen loss, such as bone deterioration.
hormone therapy
type of hormone therapy involving estrogen alone, for women who have had hysterectomies
Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT)
type of hormone therapy involving estrogen & progesterone for other women
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
true or false: men are more likely to suffer from fatal illnesses, women from nonfatal, limiting health problems
true
leading cause of death in middle age
cancer & cardiovascular disease
true or false: cancer death rates increase sharply as SES decreases
true
percentage of people with cancer who are cured
40%
# 1 cancer among women
Breast
#1 cancer among men
Prostate
#2 cancer for both sexes
Lung
% of middle ages Americans & Canadians who die as a result of cardiovascular disease
25%
cardiovascular disease in which heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collect on the walls of the main arteries
atherosclerosis
indigestion like pain or crushing chest pain, due to an oxygen deprived heart
angina pectoris
a behavior pattern consisting of extreme competitiveness, ambition, impatience, hostility, angry outbursts, and a sense of time pressure
Type A
frequent angry outbursts; rude, disagreeable behavior; critical and condescending nonverbal cues during social interaction, including glares; expressions of contempt and disgust; and a hard, insistent voice; linked to cardiovascular issues
expressed hostility
coping method in which the problem/ situation is appraised as changeable, and the difficulty is identified
problem-centered coping
coping method which is internal, private and aimed at controlling distress
emotion- centered coping
a set of three personal qualities-control, commitment, and challenge- that help people cope with stress adaptively; thereby reducing its impact on illness and mortality
hardiness
intellectual skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and master of social conventions- abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual's culture
crystallized intelligence
intellectual skills that largely depend on basic information-processing skills--ability to detect relationships among visual stimuli, speed of analyzing information, and capacity of working memory; largely influenced by conditions in the brain and by learning unique to the individual
fluid intelligence
a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to breaks in neural networks as neurons die; the brain forms bypasses- new synaptic connections that go around the breaks but are less efficient
neural network view
a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to greater loss of information as it moves through the system; as a result, the whole system must slow down to inspect and interpret the information
information-loss view
true or false: aging has a great impact on metacognition
false (it has little impact)
problem solving that requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty
practical problem solving
% of adult learners that are women
60%
midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminished fertility in men
climacteric