Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is size constancy? |
a perceptual mechanism that enables us to appreciate that an object remains the same size even though it appears smaller as it recedes into the distance |
|
|
Hughes' task is the hide and seek policemen experiment, what does this prove? |
it challenges piagets' findings on the 3 mountains, saying children are not egocentric and instead did not possess complex mental rotation . |
|
|
what is level 1 and level 2 perspective taking according to flavell? |
lvl 1 is understanding that an obstacle prevents another people seeing what you can see lvl 2 is understanding how an object looks from a vantage point other than your own. |
|
|
what is inference by elimination? |
finding the correct answer by ruling out alternatives |
|
|
what is syllogism? |
all Xs are Ys. John is an X, therefore he must also be a Y. |
|
|
what is social constructivism? |
a theory espoused by vygotsky that emphasizes the role of adults (or other more competent individuals) in supporting the child to construct knowledge. |
|
|
what is confirmation bias? |
innapropriately seeking evidence to support the hypothesis instead of trying to falsify the hypothesis. |
|
|
what did Russell's experiment about children's concept of conservation prove? |
for 2 non conserving children, the socially dominant child will be viewed as correct. for 1 conserving and 1 non conserving child, the conserving child will be viewed as correct even if it goes against the initial judgement from the non conserving child |
|
|
what is scaffolding? |
support provided by adults ( or more competent other individuals) that helps children to construct knowledge |
|
|
what is zone of proximal development? |
a period in which the child is cognitively ready to acquire a certain kind of new concept |
|
|
what is private speech? |
privately talking thru a problem in order to arrive at a solution |
|
|
what did Bower's experiment on size constancy show? |
he proved infants understand that objects of diff distance is still the same object, as he trained 1-2 month babies to move their head upon seeing the box, other box with same retinal image no effect |
|
|
what did Wynn do to prove about object permanence in kids? |
4 month babies presented 2 toys hide with screen, remove 1 toy, remove screen babies surprised only 1 toy |
|
|
what experiment did Baillargeon, spelke and wasserman conduct? |
5month old babies, a pivoting and apparently solid draw bridge passes right through another solid object |
|
|
how did Donaldson and rose n blank argue with piaget's experiment on the counter problem? |
donaldson said the question made no human sense so children misinterpreted the question rose n blank omitted the first question n children ans correctly |
|
|
what is popper's falsification criterion? |
theories cannot be proved right look for evidence that something is false |
|
|
what did wason and john laird prove about the formal operational stage in adults? |
wason selection task reveals most adults do not engage in scientific reasoning suggested by piaget, they have confirmation bias |
|
|
what did Harris find in two ramps facing back to back in kids? |
first 3 trials infant searches in garage A, on 4th trial garage A was empty the car is in B, but infant still searches in A eventho visibly empty |
|
|
what did bremner & bryant prove about infants at 8-10 months? |
infants rely on their past actions, rmbr the hand movement. hand movement reaching to A. when infants sit on opposite side they reach to B with success but with same hand movement to A |
|
|
what did rose and blank find out about children? |
6 yr olds give the correct ans that the two counters have the same number. when first question was excluded |
|
|
what did moore and frye find in children aged 6 years? |
instead of the standard naughty teddy condition, teddy added one extra counter but length of 2 rows of counter is still the same children wrongly say number not altered |
|
|
what did mc garrigle prove in 6yr olds when asked to compare subclasses? |
6yr olds misunderstood piaget's question, 2 Black cows & 2 white cows with 3 black horses & 1 white horse. 86% children say there are black horses than black cows |
|
|
what is transitive inference? |
it is like using a stick to find out which of the two towers is the tallest |
|
|
why was poor object understanding rejected? |
5mos reach for object in dark room(hood&Willats) 2mos anticipate a train reappearance(bower, broughton & Moore, Baillargeon) |
|
|
how did piaget prove that children below age 7 did not have the logic for transitive inference? |
jon is heavier than ross; jon lighter than tim, who is the heaviest this demands on memory |
|
|
what experiment did bryant and trabasso conduct to show inference without memory? |
trained children which of a coloured pair of rods was longer, children overlearn which rod was longer, 4 yos showed transitive inference for non-adjacent pairs |
|
|
what did russel prove about transitive inference? |
the memory of those failing was the same with those passing, problem is with logic and not memory |
