Design Technology Ocr Gcse

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Sustainable Resource

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A sustainable resource is one that will not run out. This may be due to an unlimited supply (solar power), or the resource is renewable.

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Renewable Resource

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A renewable resource is on that can be naturally replenished fairly quickly, such as wood or plastics made from vegetable products.

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Carbon Footprint

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A carbon foot print is the amount of greenhouse gases produced when making a product.

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Carbon Offsetting

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Carbon offsetting is when a company invests in projects that reduce their carbon emissions.

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Rethink

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Rethinking involves analysing a product and deciding whether it can be created in a more environmentally friendly way.

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Reduce

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Reducing is when fewer resources are expended at any stage during the life cycle of a product

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Refuse

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Refusing is when something is no the best environmental decision, so it is not accepted,

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Reuse

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Reusing is when the parts of a product are used to create another product, therefore fewer materials and less energy are required.

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Recycle

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Recycling is when a material is reprocessed so that it can be used to make another product(s).

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Repair

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Repairing is an activity that extends the life of a product, for instance, changing the batteries or replacing worn-out parts.

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Globalisation

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Globalisation is when the user has to make ethical choices - should they benefit from lower costs or should they refuse to buy the product due to working conditions and increased pollution,

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Product Life-Cycle

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The life cycle of a product is as follows: conception and design; making; use, including maintenance, if needed; disposal.

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Primary Recycling

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Primary recycling is using the material to make the same type of product

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Secondary Recycling

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Secondary recycling means reproducing the material and using it to make a different type of product

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Tertiary Recycling

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Tertiary recycling is when a product is broken down to its raw materials.

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Anthropometrics

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Anthropometrics is the study of body sizes and properties.

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Ergonomics

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Ergonomics is using the anthropometric data to ensure that a product is the right fit for its user.

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Social Issues

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Social issues are when a designer must come up with a product that does not affect people other than the user. For example, the sound from headphones irritating people near the user.

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Moral Issues

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Moral issues are issues that must be considered during the design of the product in order to ensure the well being of the user.

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Cultural Issues

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Cultural issues are when designers are aware of the feelings of others and consider how their culture of the different potential consumers may influence the product.

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Inclusive Design

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Inclusive design is when the product has been designed so that it can be used by people with physical disabilities.

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Hardwood

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Hardwood comes from deciduous trees, which lose their leaves in the autumn. They grow slowly and have dense wood fibres. For example, Oak.

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Softwood

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Softwood comes from coniferous trees, which remain evergreen all year round. They have needles instead of leaves and they grow fast meaning they are cheap. For example, Redwood.

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Straight Grain

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Straight grain runs in a single direction, parallel to the axis of the tree, for example, Beech.

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Open Grain

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Open grain spirals around the axis of the tree, for example, Oak.

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Interlocking Grain

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Interlocking grain spirals around the axis of the tree, frequently changing direction making it difficult to work, for example, Mahogany.

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Ferrous Metals

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Ferrous metals contain iron and usually carbon. They are magnetic and good conductors.

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Non-ferrous Metals

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Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron.

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Alloy

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An alloy is the name for a metal that has been produced by mixing two or more metals.

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Thermoset Plastic

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Thermoset plastics once formed into a shape, cannot be re-shaped by applying heat.

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Thermoplastic

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Thermoplastics will soften when heated, allowing their shape to be changed; they will harden into the new shape as they cool. This process can be repeated many times.

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Composite Materials

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Composite materials are made by combining two or more different materials to produce better properties.

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Tempering

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Tempering involves heating steel to between 230 and 300 degrees celsius before quenching it. This increases its toughness.

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Case Hardening

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Case hardening hardens mild steels by heating them, adding carbon, removing the carbon, re-heating the metal and then quenching it.

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Normalising

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Normalising makes steel tougher and more ductile by heading it beyond its critical point and then cooling it in still air.

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Annealing

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Annealing makes work-hardened steel softer and easier to work by heating it and allowing it to cool slowly.

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Dip-Coating

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Dip-coating involves coating metal with a layer of plastic, giving it colour and protection. For example, refrigerator shelves.

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Galvanising

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Galvanising involves dipping a steel product into a bath of molten zinc. The zinc makes a protecting coating, making it corrosion resistant.

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Electroplating

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Electroplating uses electrolysis to coat a metal with a thin layer of another metal. The part is put in an acid bath as well as the coat metal. An electrical current is put through the liquid and the thin layer slowly builds up on the part.

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Smart Materials

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Smart materials have properties that react to change it their environment.

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Smart Putty

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Smart putty is soft and malleable in the hand, but with force, becomes very hard. This material is ideal for a phone case.

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Shape Memory Alloy

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An SMA, such as nitinol, will be able to be shaped beyond its elastic limit, and when heated, will still return to its original shape.

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Photochromic Materials

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Photochromic materials change colour in response to changes in the level of light, like adaptive lenses.