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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macule
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Primary lesions. Flat lesion that is a different color from surrounding skin. Should be less than 1cm in size.
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Patch
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Primary lesion. flat circumscribed lesion, different color, greater than 1cm.
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Papules
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Primary lesion. Small, solid, raised lesion, smaller than .5 cm.
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Nodule
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Primary lesion, usualy solid, deeper than a papule, between .5 and 2 cm
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Tumor
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Deeper solid lesion, measure more than 2cm in diameter. Benign or malignant
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Plaque
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Primary. Mesa like elevation. Occupies large surface area in comparison to its height.
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Pustule
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Primary lesion, raised and contains purulent exudate.
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Vesicle
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Primary. Elevated lesion that contains fluid. Less than .5 cm in diameter.
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Bulla
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Primary, a large vesicle, larger than .5 cm.
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Wheal
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Primary lesion, elevated due to transient edema. Pruritic and disappears within hours. AKA hives.
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Abscess
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Primary lesion. Circumscribed, elevated, filled with purulent material, greater than 1cm in diameter.
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Comedones
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Primary lesion. Plugged secretion of horny material retained within pilosebaceous follicle. Earliest lesion seen in acne. Blackheads.
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Telangiectasias
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Primary lesion. persistent dilatation of superficial venules.
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Burrow
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Primary lesion produced by parasite tunneling in the skin
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Ulcer
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secondary lesion. Necrosis of the epidermis and part or all of dermis and underlying subQ
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Scar
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Secondary skin lesion. Abnormal formation of connective tissue, happen when basement membrane is broken.
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Scale
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Secondary lesion. Desquamating layers of the stratum corneum accumulate. due to abnormal keratinization. Infection, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis can all cause scale.
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Atrophy
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Secondary skin lesion. Depression of epidermis, translucent skin, normal skin markings lost. Stretch marks.
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Crusts
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Secondary lesion. Collection of dried serum, pus, blood, or other cellular debris. Yellow - serum, Red/brown - blood. Yellow/green - purulent.
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Fissures
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Secondary lesion. Very painful cleavage of skin. Superglue to fix.
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Erosions
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Secondary lesions. Slightly depressed lesion in which all or part of the epidermis is lost. Healing occurs without scarring
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Excoriations
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Secondary lesion. Traumatized or abraded skin from scratching, rubbing.
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Lichenification
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Secondary. Focal area of thickened skin from chronic scratching or rubbing. Skin lines accentuated.
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Petechiae
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Blood cells in dermis. less than 5mm in diameter. Do not blanch with pressure.
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Purpura
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Larger patches of blood in dermis, do not blanch with pressure.
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Target lesions
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Consist of 3 zones.
1. Dark of blistered center. 2. Center surrounded by pale zone. 3. Third zone rim of erythema. herpes virus or drug rxn |
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Nummular
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coin shaped configuration of lesions
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Livedo
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Net-like pattern of lesions
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Atopic Dermatitis
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Chronic inflammatory skin disease. eg. Eczema. Erythema, oozing, papules, crusting. Symmetric. Increased serum IgE.
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Eczema
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Type of atopic dermatitis. Extensor surfaces more common, spares diaper area.
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Filaggrin Mutation
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Leads to barrier defect. Enhanced penetration of allergens, leads to keratinocytes producing thymus stromal lymphopoietin. leads to Th2 response.
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Eczema herpeticum
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Disseminated herpes virus, life threatening.
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Psoriasis
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Immune mediated skin or skin and joint inflammatory disease. Sharp borders, silvery scale, skin under scale is erythematous and glossy.
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Auspitz Sign
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In psoriasis, small blood droplets appear after mechanical scraping of lesion
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Most common type of psoriasis
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Chronic plaque psoriasis.
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Pustular psoriasis
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Febrile, chills, really sick! Can occur from prednisone use. DON'T prescribe steroids to patients with psoriasis.
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Inverse psoriasis
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Occurs in genital area and armpits
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Histology of psoriasis
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Epidermal thickness, vascular dermal plexus, inflammatory cells in epidermis and superficial dermis
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Psoriasis treatment
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Immunosuppression, T-cell directed agents. Psoriasis is a Th1 disease.
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Bullous disease
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blistering diseases due to cell-cell disturbances or cell-matrix
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Phemphigoid group
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Subepidermal blisters, tense blisters, hemidesmisome disease
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Pemphigus group
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Epidermal blisters, flaccid, desmosome disease.
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Bullous pemphigoid
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pemphidoigD-Deep! Subepidermal blisters, severe pruritis. occurs in elderly. Eosinophils.
Circulating autoantibodies against 2 hemidesmosome proteins BP230 and BP180 |
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Pemphigus
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PemphiguS-Superficial. Intraepidermal blisters. Circulating IgG autoantibodies against keratinocyte surface. Lesions favor head (esp oral mucosa), sternum, axilla, groin.
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Dermatitis herpetiformis
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Intensely itchy papulovesicular eruption, symmetric, often sensitive to gluten.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Keratinocyte tumor, most common, rarely lethal, translucent, elevated. No precursor lesion
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Squamous carcinoma
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Injured skin, common on face and lower lip. Precursor lesion called actinic keratosis.
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Superficial spreading melanoma
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Most common type. 30-50yos. Radial growth.
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Nodular melanoma
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2nd most common type. Pops otu of skin. bleeding and ulceration
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Lentigo melanoma
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Unfrequent. Older individuals chronically sundamaged skin.
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Acral lentiginous melanoma
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Uncommon, older people, usually on palms, soles, nails.
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Seborrheic Keratosis
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Hyperkeratotic pigmented papules and plaques on face and trunk. Stuck on appearance. Benign. Sign of Leser-Tralet.
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Acanthosis Nigricans
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Thickened, hyperpigmented zones in flexural areas. Associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Fibroepithelial Polyp
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Skin tag, squamous papilloma. Common on neck, trunk, face
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Keratocanthoma
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Self-limiting, rapidly growing/healing lesion in sunexposed caucasians. Flesh colored dome with keratin filled crater.
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Xanthelasma
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Not a tumor- fat deposition around eye. Chicken fat. Should have a lipid profile done.
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Actinic keratosis
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Actinic (from the sun) Keratosis - premalignant lesion from sun exposure. Less than 1cm, may produce cutaneous horns, scaly rough.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Risk factors: sun exposure, hpv 36 18 16, tobacco, burns.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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pearly papules, most common skin malignancy.
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Lentigo (simplex)
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common benign hyperpigmented macules (5-10 mm). Not freckles.
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Melanocytic Nevus
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Moles. May present as flat, popular, papillomatous, black or brown lesions
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Benign fibrous histiocytoma
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Benign indolent neoplasms of dermal fibroblasts and histiocytes. Tea brown papule.
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Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
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well-diferentiated slow growing fibrosarcoma, firm solid nodules
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Histiocytosis X
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Resembles seborrheic dermatitid, scaing erythematous macules or papules.
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Mycosis fungoides MF or Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma CTCL
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Lymphoproliferative disorder. >40
Patch stage - erythematous scaling patches that itch . Plaque stage, well demarcated, indurated erythematous plaque |
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Sezary's Syndrome
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Leukemic form of mycosis fungoides. Erythoderma is generalized and Sezary cells are present in the blood.
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Seborheic Dermatitis
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Common red, scaly, itchy rash seen in people with oily skin or hair. Comes and goes. Infancy - cradle cap. Middle age, elderly.
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Erythema multiforme
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Self-limited hypersensitivity to drugs. Cell mediated CD8 cytotoxic injury. Stevens-Johnson syndrome - serious w/ mucous membrane involvement.
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Toxic epiderman necrolysis (TEN)
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A severe variant of Erythema Multiforme characterized by epithelial necrosis and sloughing.
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Erythema Nodosum
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most common form of panniculitis, painful tender nodules on lower legs.
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Erythemia Induratum
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Uncommon form of panniculitis affecting adolescents and menopausal women. Granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis of subQ fat.
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Lichen Planus
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Multiple, symmetrically distributed pruritic polygonal, purple papules that may coalesce into plaques.
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Lupus Erythematosis
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Autoimmune disease, photosensitivity, macular butterfly rash.
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Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosis CDLE
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Sharply marginated scaly atrophic red plaques in sun-exposed areas. Alopecia. Granular band of Ig and complement along D-E jxn.
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Acne vulgaris
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Common chronic inflammatory dermatoses affecting hair follicles.
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Verruca
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Wart. Benign epithelial hyperplasia caused by HPV. V. vulgaris - most common, anywhere. V. plana - flat wart. V acuminatum - venereal wart.
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Pox virus
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Impetigo
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Strep or staph infection usually seen in babies and sick adults. Begins as erythematous macule, to pustules, honey colored crust.
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