Dentistry

Front 1

Triadan Numbering System in Dogs

Back 1

8 is always the carnassial on top (pm4)
4 is always the canine
9 is the carnassial on the bottom (first molar)

best to start at the carnassial tooth and count forward

Front 2

Triadan Numbering System in Cats

Back 2

9 is the last tooth in a cats mouth in all arcades
In upper arcade no 5
In lower arcade no 5 or 6

Front 3

Coronal

Back 3

lying or moving toward the crown

Front 4

Apical

Back 4

lying or moving toward the apex of the root

Front 5

Gingival margin

Back 5

the gingival part of the tooth- what lays just beneath the gum line

Front 6

Mesial

Back 6

Towards the midline

Front 7

Distal

Back 7

Away from the midline

Front 8

Palatial

Back 8

Along the palatal surface

Front 9

Buccal or labial

Back 9

Along the lip surface or cheeks

Front 10

Lingual

Back 10

Toward the tongue

Front 11

Facial

Back 11

labial or buccal surface

Front 12

Occlusal

Back 12

Facing the opposite jaw
Where the teeth touch
Bite surface

Front 13

Interproximal

Back 13

Between the teeth

Front 14

Singulum

Back 14

where the lower incisors hit behind the upper incisors

Front 15

Ridicular

Back 15

roots?

Front 16

Jugal ridge

Back 16

raised area of bone over the root of the canine

Front 17

Infraorbital foramen

Back 17

Important for nerve blocks
Located approximately above the upper PM3

Front 18

Mental foramen

Back 18

Located below the front root of the second premolars
The second foramena of 3
Halfway between the mandible and alveolar ridge

Front 19

TMJ

Back 19

Occurs when tension is left on the jaw
Spring loaded mouth gags should be used with caution/ not for long periods of time

Front 20

Palatine fissure

Back 20

Only located in the maxilla
Two holes rostrally behind the incisors

Front 21

Major palatine foramina

Back 21

Nerve exits there to block
Located halfway between midline and arcade near carnassial

Front 22

Mandibular foramen

Back 22

Inside mandible
Where Mandibular nerve enters and then exits at mental foramen
Block

Front 23

Monophyodont

Back 23

Animals that only have one set of teeth
Continually grow
Ex: rodents

Front 24

Polyphyodont

Back 24

Animals that have many sets of teeth
Constantly replacing them
Ex: fish, sharks

Front 25

Diphyodont

Back 25

Animals that have two sets of teeth
Deciduous and permanent
Permanent teeth are stronger and larger than deciduous teeth
Ex: most species

Front 26

Successional teeth

Back 26

Permanent teeth that replace or succeed deciduous counterparts
Ex: incisors, canines, most premolars

Front 27

Nonsuccessional teeth

Back 27

Permanent teeth that do not succeed a deciduous counterpart
Ex: molars, some premolars

Front 28

Homodont

Back 28

All the teeth are the same shape or type but may vary in size
Ex: fish, reptiles, sharks

Front 29

Heterodont

Back 29

Several types of teeth in same dentition including incisors, canines, premolars and molars
Ex: dogs and cats

Front 30

Brachyodont

Back 30

Dentition with shorter crown: root ratio
Ex: dogs, cats, primates, other carnivores

Front 31

Hypsodont

Back 31

Dentition with a longer crown:root ratio with crown submerged and continual eruption

Front 32

Radicular hypsodont

Back 32

True roots (closed roots) that cause additional crown to erupt as teeth are worn down
Ex: horses and cattle

Front 33

Aradicular hypsodont

Back 33

Absence of true roots (open roots) additional crown produced as tooth is worn
Ex: lagomorphs and incisors of rodents

common to get odontomas a cementum issue
If the roots grow too long they can affect breathing in these animals (obligate nasal breathers), best to remove the incisors

Front 34

Mixed dentition

Back 34

combination of erupted deciduous teeth and permanent teeth

Front 35

Crown

Back 35

Covered by enamel
Meets the root at teh cemento-enamel junction (CEJ- is the neck of the tooth and is normally not visible

Front 36

Root

Back 36

Anchors the tooth to the jaw
Teeth may have one or more roots
The end of the root is the apex which can have a single foramen (humans) or a multiple canal delta arrangement (cats and dogs)
Apical delta has multiple holes at the apex of the tooth

Front 37

Alveolar bone

Back 37

Roots are encased in the alveolar processes of the jaws
The process comprises alveolar bone (around the tooth), trabecular bone (maxilla), and compact bone (mandible)

Front 38

Lamina dura

Back 38

Dense bone lining the alveolus and is called the cribriform plate
Radiographically seen as a white line called the lamina dura (black line is the periodontal ligament space)
Periodontal fibers attach to the bone

Front 39

Enamel

Back 39

96% inorganic
Hardest substance in the body
Covers the exterior surface of the crowns only
Breach in enamel causes bacteria to get in and the tooth to die

Front 40

Dentin

Back 40

Main supporting structure of the tooth
Second hardest tissue in the body
70% mineral and 30% organic
Main structure is the dentinal tubule which extends from the external surface to the pulp
There are approximately 30,000-40,000 tubules per square milimeter
With age more secondary dentin is deposited
Three types of dentin

Front 41

Primary dentin

Back 41

Forms before tooth eruption

Front 42

Secondary dentin

Back 42

Forms after eruption, as the tooth develops with age it develops from the odontoblasts living within the pulp cavity

Front 43

Tertiary or Reparative dentin

Back 43

Forms as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts
Has few tubules and is darker in color and very dense in structure
Common in "tennis ball chewers", tries to seal the tooth to keep bacteria from getting in

Front 44

Cementum

Back 44

Covers the enamel-free roots
Provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament
Similar in composition to woven bone
45-50% inorganic and 50-55% organic material

Front 45

Periodontal ligament

Back 45

Comprised of taut collagen fiber bundles
Anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone by Sharpey's fibers

Front 46

Pulp

Back 46

Comprised of connective tissue, nerves, lymph and blood vessels, collagen and undifferentiated reserve mesenchymal cells (odontoblasts)
Everything on the inside of the tooth
As the tooth grows the pulp forces the crown to erupt

The pulp canal has an oblong type shape

Front 47

Class 0 malocclusion

Back 47

Normal bite

Front 48

Class I malocclusion

Back 48

teeth wrong location, but jaws in proper relationship

Front 49

Class II malocclusion

Back 49

bracygnathism or distocclusion (underbite)

Front 50

Class III malocclusion

Back 50

prognathism or mesioclusion (overbite)

Front 51

Class IV malocclusion

Back 51

special classification of Wry
Has both unilateral mesiocclusion and unilateral distocclusion