Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a localized collection of pus in a specific area of soft
tissue or bone |
Abscess
|
|
Bacterial plaque
|
an acid that is produced by bacteria in food
debris adhering to the smooth surfaces of the teeth |
|
the process that destroys the enamel (hard surface) of a
tooth |
Decay
|
|
Dental caries
|
a microbial process that starts on the surface of
the teeth and leads to breaking down of the enamel and dentin |
|
swelling that is confined to a small area at the site of a
sinus tract (a channel that forms through the alveolar bone and the soft tissue as a result of a periapical abscess) |
Gumboil
|
|
Interdental papilla
|
a triangular fold of gingival tissue that fills the
contact areas of adjacent teeth; it helps prevent food from packing between the teeth |
|
any pathological or traumatic disorder of tissue that
creates a loss of function of the area affected; this pathologic break that is produced on or in the tooth surface is called a carious lesion or commonly called a cavity |
Lesions
|
|
Necrotic
|
dead tissue
|
|
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
|
spasms of the muscles
used for chewing. |
|
Pit and fissure caries
|
occur on the occlusal surfaces, the buccal and lingual grooves of the posterior teeth, and the
lingual pits of the maxillary incisors |
|
occur on intact enamel other than pits and fissures
|
Smooth surface caries
|
|
Root surface caries
|
occur on any surface of the root
|
|
Secondary caries
|
occur on the tooth surrounding a restoration
|
|
Caries can occur in four general areas of the tooth:
|
Pit and fissure caries;Smooth surface caries;Root surface caries;Secondary caries
|
|
Acute Pulpitis
|
Symptoms:
l Spontaneous, continuous, or intermittent pain that lingers l Piercing and pulsating pain in the affected area l Increased pain when lying down |
|
Acute Pulpitis
|
Signs:
l A large carious lesion in which the pulp is exposed l Blood or pus oozing from the pulpal exposure l A fractured tooth or missing restoration |
|
Periapical Abscess
|
Symptoms:
l Constant, throbbing pain in the affected area l Increased pain when chewing l Increased pain when lying down l A bad taste in the mouth l The tooth "feels" longer than the others l Malaise or a general ill feeling l Tender lymph nodes l Fever |
|
Periapical Abscess
|
Signs:
l Severe pain even when light pressure is applied to the affected tooth l A gumboil l General or localized facial swelling l Tooth mobility l An elevated temperature l Enlarged lymph nodes |
|
Signs:
l Bleeding gums l Red, swollen and painful gums l Pushing on the gums causes pus to come from between the gums and teeth l Gums pulling away from the teeth l A change in the way the teeth come together when biting or chewing l Teeth appear longer because the gums are receding l Loose teeth l Bad breath l Dentures not fitting normally |
Periodontal Diseases
|
|
Gum disease and periodontitis
|
two basic forms of periodontal disease.
Gum Disease |
|
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue.
|
Probably the most
common human disease, it is also the easiest to treat and control. Gingivitis is painless and often unrecognized until a dental professional can emphasize to a patient the importance of good oral hygiene in the reversal and prevention of gingivitis. |
|
Gingivitis is divided into two major types,
|
marginal and necrotizing
ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) . |
|
Marginal gingivitis
|
a relatively mild inflammation of the borders of the gingival
tissue. Sometimes, the inflammation is localized; it may exist around one, two, or a group of teeth. If the condition is generalized, then it will exist around all the teeth. The most frequent cause of marginal gingivitis is the presence of bacterial plaque buildup due to lack of adequate oral hygiene. |
|
Symptoms:
l Sore or swollen gums l Bleeding gums |
Marginal Gingivitis
|
|
Marginal Gingivitis
|
Signs:
l A painful reaction or gingival bleeding when finger pressure is applied l Red, swollen gingiva with a loss of stippling l Heavy plaque and calculus deposits in the affected area |
|
Symptoms:
l Bad taste in mouth l Pain when eating or brushing l Sore gums |
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
|
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
|
Signs:
l Swollen gums l Bleeding gums l Ulcerations and cratering of the interdental papillae l Gray-white membrane covering the gingiva l Pus oozing from the gingiva l Area of gingival recession l A severe infection of the gingival tissue l Heavy plaque and calcium deposits l Elevated temperature |
|
Periodontitis
|
Symptoms:
l A deep, gnawing pain in the affected area l Itching of the gums l Sensitivity to heat and cold l Bleeding gums l A toothache with the absence of caries l Increased spacing between the anterior teeth l Food sticking between the teeth l Loose or elongated teeth l An uneven bite |
|
Signs:
l Inflammation of the gingiva that involves the crest of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament above the alveolar crest l Localized or generalized gingival bleeding l Tooth mobility |
Periodontitis
|
|
Periodontal Abscess
|
by an infection of the periodontal tissues. It is usually the result of a long-continued
irritation by food debris, deep deposits of calculus, or a foreign object packed in the sulcus or interproximal spaces |
|
periapical abscesses
|
Symptoms:
l Constant, throbbing pain in the affected area l Increased pain when chewing l Increased pain when lying down l A bad taste in the mouth l The tooth "feels" longer than the others l Malaise or a general ill feeling l Tender lymph nodes l Fever |
|
Signs:
l Severe pain even when light pressure is applied to the affected tooth l A gumboil l General or localized facial swelling l Tooth mobility l An elevated temperature l Enlarged lymph nodes |
periapical abscesses
|
|
Pericoronitis
|
the inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth. During eruption, the tooth breaks
through the gingiva tissue sometimes leaving a small flap of tissue over the crown of the tooth. Debris accumulates beneath the tissue flap resulting in an acute inflammation. Inflammation can also result from constant contact between the tissue flap and the tooth in the opposing arch. Pericoronitis most often affects mandibular third molars. Symptoms: l Pain when chewing l A bad taste in the mouth l Difficultly in opening the Signs: |
|
Pericoronitis
|
Symptoms:
l Pain when chewing l A bad taste in the mouth l Difficultly in opening the mouth l Swelling of the neck or cheek near the affected tooth l Fever |
|
Signs:
l A partially erupted tooth l Red, inflamed tissue around a partially erupted tooth Pus oozing from under an overlaying tissue flap l A painful reaction when finger pressure is applied l Enlarged lymph nodes l Elevated temperature |
Pericoronitis
|
|
inflammation of the gingiva that involves the crest of the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament
above the alveolar crest. It is marked by the gradual loss of attachment of the periodontal tissues. |
Periodontitis
|
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
|
may result from untreated marginal gingivitis, poor dietary habits, smoking or alcohol consumption, a rundown
physical condition of the patient, or a combination of these factors. |
|
severe infection of the gingival tissue, commonly referred to as "trench mouth."
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
|
|
Marginal gingivitis
|
relatively mild inflammation of the borders of the gingival
tissue. Sometimes, the inflammation is localized; it may exist around one, two, or a group of teeth. If the condition is generalized, then it will exist around all the teeth. The most frequent cause of marginal gingivitis is the presence of bacterial plaque buildup due to lack of adequate oral hygiene. |
|
Acute pulpitis
|
an inflammation of the pulp caused by injury to the pulp, usually from dental
caries or trauma. The pain is caused by the pressure of fluids building up inside the pulp chamber or root canal. |
|
periapical abscess
|
usually results from an infection of the pulpal tissue
causing the pulp to become necrotic. This type of infection causes fluids and by-products to build up within the walls of the pulp chamber and root canal. |
|
Stomatitis
|
a general term used to denote inflammation of the oral mucosa:
|
|
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
|
presents as round ulcerations or groups of ulcerations on the
oral mucosa |
|
Aphthous stomatitis
|
presents as a 2-4 mm lesion on the oral mucosa. These are
commonly known as "canker sores." |
|
Recurrent labial herpes
|
caused by a virus that produces the so-called fever blister or
cold sore. They are usually found on the lip and can easily be transmitted to others through casual contact. |
|
Symptoms:
l Painful swelling l Pain when eating or drinking l A fever, headache, or rundown feeling (for herpetic gingivostomatitis only) |
Stomatitis
|
|
Stomatitis
|
Signs:
l Red, swollen areas with blisters or small craters formed in the center l Blisters or craters covered with a grayish-white or yellowish membrane l A fever blister, cold sore, or canker sore |
|
Stomatitis
|
Smoke
l Eat acidic or hot foods l Drink alcohol or use products that contain alcohol such as mouth rinses that will dry out the mouth |
|
involves the removal of a tooth (or teeth) from it's socket (extraction).
|
Exodontia
|
|
Post-extraction hemorrhage may occur any time from a few hours to several days after the
extraction of a tooth. |
Symptoms:
l Weakness in conjunction with blood loss l Blood on the pillow after sleeping |
|
Signs:
l Bleeding that starts, or fails to stop, after an extraction l Large amounts of blood in the mouth l Blood oozing or flowing from a recent extraction site l Blood or a large blood clot in the patient's mouth |
Post-extraction hemorrhage
|
|
Dry Socket
|
Post-extraction alveolar osteitis is a condition that
results when a blood clot fails to form or washes out of the socket of a recently extracted tooth. The bleeding from the extraction site may be light or heavy. |
|
Symptoms:
l Severe constant pain that can run from the ear to the lower jaw l Loss of blood clot |
Dry Socket
|
|
Dry Socket
|
Signs:
l Food visible in the dry socket l Alveolar bone visible in the dry socket l A foul odor in the mouth l Fever l Bleeding that starts, or fails to stop, after an extraction l Large amounts of blood in the mouth |
|
four different types of tooth fractures
|
Type I - Enamel Fracture
l Type II - Enamel/dentin fracture l Type III - Enamel/dentin fracture with exposed pulp l Type IV - Root fracture |
|
Type I - Enamel Fractures
|
Symptoms:
l Pain when eating or drinking l Sensitivity to heat, cold, or air |
|
Signs:
l Rough or sharp area on the tooth |
Type I - Enamel Fractures
|
|
Type II - Enamel Fractures
|
Symptoms:
l Very rough or sharp area on the tooth l Sensitivity to heat, cold, or air l Toothache |
|
Signs:
l Extensive fracture involving the enamel and dentin layers |
Type II - Enamel Fractures
|
|
Type III - Enamel Fractures
|
Symptoms:
l Severe, throbbing pain l Severe pain from heat, cold, and air l Inability to chew |
|
Type III dental fractures
|
Signs:
l Very rough or sharp edges l Extensive fracture with the pulp exposed l Most or all of the crown is fractured off or bleeding |
|
Type IV - Root and Enamel and Fractures
|
Symptoms:
l Severe pain from heat, cold, and air l Inability to eat anything without severe pain |
|
Signs:
l A fractured root (as seen in the patient's X-ray), which may be further complicated by a fracture of the crown l Tooth mobility l Other facial trauma associated with the accident l A tooth that is moving or loose |
Type IV - Root and Enamel and Fractures
|
|
Traumatically Extracted Tooth
|
Occasionally, a patient may report with a tooth that has been knocked out of
socket. When this happens, immediately place the tooth in sterile saline, and send it along with the patient to a dentist. |