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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is dementia |
An umbrella term that refers to a decline in two or more areas of cognitive functioning resulting in impairments in daily living |
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Neurocognitive disorder has replaced what term in the DSM-5 |
Dementia |
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What is the most common cause of Dementia in 65 and older |
Alzheimer disease |
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What may be seen in the first three years of Alzheimer disease |
Mild impairments in memory specifically newer learning and retention of new memories |
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What may be seen in the intermediate stage of Alzheimer disease |
Increased impairment in memory visuospatial skills and language. Possibly apraxia Aphasia or agnosia |
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What is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer disease |
Age |
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Describe the later stages of Alzheimer disease |
Intellectual functions may be severely impaired verbal output minimal May develop problems with his gate and motor control |
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What is being used to help detect Alzheimer disease early |
Neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers |
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What is amyloid plaques in the brain indicative of |
Possibly Alzheimer disease |
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What is pick's disease characterized by |
Personality changes such as behavioral disinhibition executive dysfunction and language abnormalities and memory problems |
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Pick's disease typically occurs older or younger than Alzheimer's |
Younger |
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What is the treatment for pick's disease |
There is no treatment |
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Second leading cause of dementia is what |
Cerebrovascular disease |
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This is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by Tremor rigidity and bradykinesia and postural instability |
Parkinson's disease |
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How is Parkinson's Disease caused |
Degeneration of the substantia nigra which is a nucleus in the basal ganglia And the Loss of dopamine which is produced by this nucleus |
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What are positive and negative symptoms of dementia |
Positive symptoms are actions that are not seen in normals including a resting tremor muscular rigidity involuntary movements Negative symptoms are the inability to engage in behaviors that normals can do for example difficulty with positioning standing from a sitting position shuffling gait slow movement |
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How is Huntington's disease caused |
Caused by a degenerative loss of neurons in the basal ganglia |
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How are neurotransmitters Gaba and norepinephrine affected in Huntington's disease |
These neurotransmitters which normally inhibit that dopamine Pathways die during the course of the disease thus creating a hyperactive dopamine system |
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What is the most common cause of pseudo dementia |
Depression |
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What are some ways to distinguish organic dementia from dementia due to depression |
Aphasia, apraxia and agnosia are not typically present in depression Depressed patients may show psychomotor slowing and inconsistent effort and attention during testing whereas dementia would show primary problems with retentive memory and visual spatial function |
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What is mild cognitive impairment |
A term used to describe the transitional time. Between normal aging and dementia The state in which at least a single cognitive domain is impaired to a greater extent then anticipated for someone's age for example memory |
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What is the difference between delirium and dementia |
The onset is typically abrupt and the course often fluctuates and is even reversible sometimes |
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What is the Hallmark feature of |
An impairment in the ability to focus or sustained attention |
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How would a patient with delirium |
Have difficulty focus on a conversation or may be easily distracted in addition May demonstrate a changing memory orientation language our perception |
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What is a difference between generalized and partial seizures |
Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain resulting in a loss of consciousness, Falls or muscle spasms Focal seizures affect only one part of the brain individual does not lose consciousness In a simple partial seizure person may experience unexplained Joy or anger or may hear smell or see things that are not real In a complex partial seizure the person experiences an alteration or loss of consciousness |