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25 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What is dementia

An umbrella term that refers to a decline in two or more areas of cognitive functioning resulting in impairments in daily living

Neurocognitive disorder has replaced what term in the DSM-5

Dementia

What is the most common cause of Dementia in 65 and older

Alzheimer disease

What may be seen in the first three years of Alzheimer disease

Mild impairments in memory specifically newer learning and retention of new memories

What may be seen in the intermediate stage of Alzheimer disease

Increased impairment in memory visuospatial skills and language. Possibly apraxia Aphasia or agnosia

What is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer disease

Age

Describe the later stages of Alzheimer disease

Intellectual functions may be severely impaired verbal output minimal May develop problems with his gate and motor control

What is being used to help detect Alzheimer disease early

Neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers

What is amyloid plaques in the brain indicative of

Possibly Alzheimer disease

What is pick's disease characterized by

Personality changes such as behavioral disinhibition executive dysfunction and language abnormalities and memory problems

Pick's disease typically occurs older or younger than Alzheimer's

Younger

What is the treatment for pick's disease

There is no treatment

Second leading cause of dementia is what

Cerebrovascular disease

This is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by Tremor rigidity and bradykinesia and postural instability

Parkinson's disease

How is Parkinson's Disease caused

Degeneration of the substantia nigra which is a nucleus in the basal ganglia



And the Loss of dopamine which is produced by this nucleus

What are positive and negative symptoms of dementia

Positive symptoms are actions that are not seen in normals including a resting tremor muscular rigidity involuntary movements



Negative symptoms are the inability to engage in behaviors that normals can do for example difficulty with positioning standing from a sitting position shuffling gait slow movement

How is Huntington's disease caused

Caused by a degenerative loss of neurons in the basal ganglia

How are neurotransmitters Gaba and norepinephrine affected in Huntington's disease

These neurotransmitters which normally inhibit that dopamine Pathways die during the course of the disease thus creating a hyperactive dopamine system

What is the most common cause of pseudo dementia

Depression

What are some ways to distinguish organic dementia from dementia due to depression

Aphasia, apraxia and agnosia are not typically present in depression



Depressed patients may show psychomotor slowing and inconsistent effort and attention during testing whereas dementia would show primary problems with retentive memory and visual spatial function

What is mild cognitive impairment

A term used to describe the transitional time. Between normal aging and dementia



The state in which at least a single cognitive domain is impaired to a greater extent then anticipated for someone's age for example memory

What is the difference between delirium and dementia

The onset is typically abrupt and the course often fluctuates and is even reversible sometimes

What is the Hallmark feature of

An impairment in the ability to focus or sustained attention

How would a patient with delirium

Have difficulty focus on a conversation or may be easily distracted in addition May demonstrate a changing memory orientation language our perception

What is a difference between generalized and partial seizures

Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain resulting in a loss of consciousness, Falls or muscle spasms



Focal seizures affect only one part of the brain individual does not lose consciousness



In a simple partial seizure person may experience unexplained Joy or anger or may hear smell or see things that are not real


In a complex partial seizure the person experiences an alteration or loss of consciousness