Delgado A&p I - Joints

Front 1

Joint structural classifications

Back 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Hint 1

3 types

Front 2

Joint functional classifications + definitions

Back 2

- Synarthrosis = immovable

- Amphiarthrosis = slightly movable

- Diarthrosis = freely movable

Hint 2

3. Sad Joints.

Front 3

Types of fibrous joints

Back 3

Suture, syndesmoses, interosseous membranes

Hint 3

3 types

Front 4

suture

Back 4

Joint composed of thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Only occurs between bones in skull.

Front 5

Types of sutures

Back 5

Sutures that are replaced with bone with maturity are synostosis. Those that are not replaced with bone by age 6 are called frontal/metopic sutures.

Hint 5

2 types

Front 6

Frontal suture

Back 6

AKA metopic suture.

Suture that exists past age of 6 without turning to bone.

Hint 6

Metopic suture

Front 7

syndesmoses

Back 7

Fibrous joint with bigger gap and more connective tissue than a suture. Connective tissue usually arranged as bundle/ligament to allow limited movement.

Example: distal tibiofibular joint

Front 8

gomphosis

Back 8

AKA dentoalveolar joint.

Type of syndesmosis joint where a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket. Occurs between roots of teeth and their socket.

- Amphiarthrosis

Hint 8

Tooth joint

Front 9

Interosseous membrane

Back 9

Large sheet of dense irregular connective tissue binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement.

- Amphiarthrosis

- Example: between radius & ulna, or tibia & fibula

Front 10

Types of cartilaginous joints

Back 10

Synchondroses, symphyses

Hint 10

2 types

Front 11

synchondrosis

Back 11

Cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage as connective material.

- Synarthrosis

- Example: Epiphyseal plate

Front 12

symphysis/symphyses

Back 12

Cartilaginous joint in which bones are covered in hyaline cartilage and connected with a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage.
- Amphiarthrosis

- Example: Body of sternum

Front 13

Properties of synovial joints

Back 13

- Synovial/joint cavity

- Articular cartilage

- Articular capsule

- Synovial fluid

- Accessory ligaments

- Bursae

- Tendon sheath

- Diarthroses

Hint 13

List of 8

Front 14

Types of synovial joints

Back 14

- Plane

- Hinge

- Pivot

- Condyloid

- Saddle

- Ball-and-socket

Hint 14

6 total

Front 15

List of synovial joint movements

Back 15

1. Gliding

2. Angular

3. Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension

4. Abduction, adduction, circumduction

5. Rotation

6. Special movements (11 types)

Hint 15

6 categories, 11 separate terms

Front 16

Factors that may affect synovial joint movement

Back 16

1. Structure/shape of joints

2. Strength/tension of joint ligaments

3. Arrangement/tension of muscles

4. Contact with other body parts; fat may also impede.

5. Hormones (i.e. during labor/birth)

6. Disues

Hint 16

List of 6

Front 17

articular capsule

Back 17

AKA joint capsule.

Surrounds synovial joint, encloses synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones. Made of outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane.

Front 18

synovial fluid

Back 18

Forms thin film over surfaces within articular capsule. Secreted by synovial cells, consists of hyaluronic acid. Contains phagocytic cells that remove microbes/debris.

Front 19

articular cartilage

Back 19

Layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bones at synovial joint. Reduces friction, but doesn't bind them together.

Front 20

articular discs

Back 20

AKA meniscus.

Pads of fibrocartilage within synovial joints that lies between articular surfaces of bones, and are attached to the fibrous capsule.

Help with shock absoprtion, weight distribution, etc.

Hint 20

meniscus

Front 21

tendon sheath

Back 21

AKA synovial sheath.

Tubelike bursae.

Hint 21

synovial sheath

Front 22

"Double-jointed"

Back 22

Person with greater flexibility in articular capsules and ligaments. Allows greater range of motion but are more easily dislocated.

Front 23

bursae

Back 23

Saclike structures that relieve friction in some joints, like knees and shoulders.

Front 24

labrum

Back 24

Fibrocartilage lip that extends from edge of joint socket. Helps deepen socket and increase contact area in joint.

- Example: Ball-and-socket of shoulders and hips

Front 25

ball-and-socket joint

Back 25

AKA spheroid joint.

Ball of one bone fits into cup of the other. Triaxial.

- Example: shoulders and hips

Hint 25

spheroid joint

Front 26

condyloid joint

Back 26

AKA ellipsoidal joint.

Convex oval of one bone fits into oval depression of other bone. Biaxial.

- Example: radiocarpal

Hint 26

ellipsoidal joint

Front 27

plane joint

Back 27

Flat or slightly curved. Movement is mostly back-&-forth and side-to-side, but may allow for slight rotation. Most are biaxial, some triaxial.

- Examples: intertarsal, intercarpal, etc.

Front 28

saddle joint

Back 28

One bone is saddle-shaped, other fits into it like a rider. Biaxial.

- Example: carpometacarpal in thumb

Front 29

pivot joint

Back 29

Rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with ring of ligament and other bone. Uniaxial.

Front 30

hinge joint

Back 30

Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of other bone. Uniaxial, allows angular, open & closing motions.

Example: elbow, ankle

Front 31

Temporomandibular joint

Back 31

- Hinge + plane joint

- Mandible + temporal

- Only free-moving joint in skull

- Components: articular disc, articular capsule, lateral ligament, sphenomandibular ligament, & stylomandibular ligament.

- Movements: depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, lateral displacement, slight rotation

Hint 31

Type, location, components, AND movements

Front 32

elbow joint

Back 32

- Hinge

- Trochlea + humerus capitulum

- Components: articular capsule, ulnar & radial collateral ligaments, anular ligament of radius

- Movements: flexion, extension

Hint 32

Type, location, components, AND movements

Front 33

hip joint

Back 33

- Ball-&-socket

- Femur + hip bone acetabulum

- Components: articular capsule, iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, ligament of femur head, acetabular labrum, transverse ligament of acetabulum

- Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral & medial rotation, circumduction

Hint 33

Type, location, components, AND movements

Front 34

shoulder joint

Back 34

AKA humeroscapular/glenohumeral joint.

- Ball-&-socket

- Humerus + glenoid cavity of scapula

- Components: articular capsule, coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, glenoid labrum, bursae

- Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial & lateral rotation, circumduction

Hint 34

Type, location, components, AND movements

Front 35

Knee joint

[doesn't include components]

Back 35

Largest & most complex joint in body. Has 3 joints in 1 synovial cavity: lateral tibiofemoral, medial tibiofemoral, and patellofemoral.

- Modified hinge

- Movements: flexion, extension, slight medial & lateral rotation

Hint 35

Type, location, and movements

Front 36

Knee joint

components/anatomy

Back 36

1. Articular capsule

2. Medial & lateral patellar retinacula

3. Ligaments: patellar, tibial & fibular collaterals, oblique & arcuate popliteals

4. Intracapsular ligaments.

- Anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments

5. Articular discs: medial and lateral meniscus

6. Bursae = prepatellar, intrapatellar, suprapatellar