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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Origin
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End of the muscle that is attached to the non-moving bone
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Insertion
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End of the muscle that is attached to the moving bone
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Prime mover
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Main moving muscle in a group
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Synergist
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Helper muscle
- Helps to make steady movements |
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Antagonist
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Muscle in a group that relaxes in a movement
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Functions of Skeletal Muscle
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- Movement
- Posture - Heat Production |
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Movement
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muscles move the body by pulling on bones
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Posture
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muscles maintain posture by tonic contractions
- contractions where only a few fibers contract - keeps the least amount of stress on our bones and joints |
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Heat production
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- contraction of muscles require ATP use
- when ATP is used some energy is released as heat |
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Twitch contraction
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- quick jerky contraction caused by a stimulus
- eye twitch is an example |
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Tetanic contraction
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- a more sustained contraction caused by a stimulus
- a leg cramp is an example |
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Isotonic Contraction
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- A contraction that causes movement
- muscle length changes |
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Isometric contraction
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- a contraction that doens't cause movement
- muscle length stays the same - pushing on a wall is an example |
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Muscles of Facial Expression
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- frontal
- Orbicularis oris - Zygomaticus - Orbicularis oculi |
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Frontal Muscle
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- raises and lowers eyebrows
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Orbicularis oris
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- puckers lips
- A.K.A. the "kissing muscle" |
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Zygomaticus
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- raises corners of mouth
- "smiling muscle" |
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Orbicularis oculi
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- blinks the eyelid
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Muscles of Mastication
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- Masseter
- Temporal |
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Masseter
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- raises the lower jaw
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Temporal
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- Synergist of the masseter
- helps to raise the lower jaw |
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Muscles of the upper extremities
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- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi - biceps brachii - triceps brachii - Deltoid |
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Pectoralis Major
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- Chest muscle
- Adducts the arm |
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Latissimus dorsi
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- large muscle on the back
- extends the upper arm |
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Deltoid
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- main muscle of the shoulder
- abductor of the upper arm |
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Muscles of the trunk
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- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique - Transversus Abdominus - Rectus Abdominus - Intercostal muscles - Diaphragm |
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Abdominal muscles
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- internal and external obliques and tranversus abdominus
- provides a thick layer of muscle to protect the internal organs |
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Recuts Abdominus
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- Flexes the spine
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Intercostal muscles
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- lifts your rib cages
- helps in breathing |
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Diaphragm
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- Raises and lowers the lungs for breathing
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Muscles of the lower leg
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- Iliopsoas
- Gluteus maximus - Hamstring muscles - Quadriceps femoris - Tibialis anterior - gastrocenemius - Peroneus group |
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Iliopsoas
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Flexes the thigh
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Gluteus maximus
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extends the thigh
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Hamstring muscles
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flexes lower leg
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Quadriceps femoris
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extends the lower leg
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Tibialis Anterior
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dorsiflexes the foot
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Gastrocnemius
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plantar flexes the foot
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Peroneus group
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- helps to plantar flex the foot
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Flexion
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decreases the angle between a joint
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Extension
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increases the angle between a joint
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Rotation
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movement around a fixed point
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abduction
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movement away from the midline
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adduction
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movement toward the midline
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Dorsiflexion
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raising your toes
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plantarflexion
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pointing your toes down
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