Defensive Tactics

Front 1

What is the definition of Defensive Tactics?

Back 1

A system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements used by police officers to respond to a subject's agression or resistence. Techniques based on combination of martial arts, wrestling, and boxing.

Front 2

What steps should be taken by students to optimally be able to perform during defensive tacticts training?

Back 2

Students should eat a nutritious diet, get adequate rest, and stay sufficiently hydrated to maximize the benefit of this training.

Front 3

What is the definition of cardiovascular training?

Back 3

Is any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range between 60 to 85 percent of the maximum rate.

Front 4

What chapter of the Florida Statutes governs all use of force by police officers, corrections and correctional probation officers?

Back 4

Chapter 776.

Front 5

When is an officer justified in the use of any force as provided within Chapter 776?

Back 5

(1) When the officer reasonably believes it necessary to defend himself/herself or another from bodily harm while making an arrest. (2) When necessary to apprehend an escaped felon. (3) When necessary to arrest felons fleeing from justice. The officer must have reasonably believed the fleeing felon posed a threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer or others; or the officer reasonably believed the fleeing felon had committed a crime involved the infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm to another person.

Front 6

Who does F.S. 944 apply to?

Back 6

This statute specifically addresses the use of force by state correctional and correctionl probation officers.

Front 7

What does F.S. 945 establish?

Back 7

It establishes that the Department of Corrections has jursidiction over the supervisory and protective care, custody, and control of inmates and offenders.

Front 8

How does F.S. 944 impact the use of force applied to inmates by corrections officers?

Back 8

The use of physical force is only authorized if...(1) Needed to defend himself/herself or another against an imminent use of unlawful force. (2) To prevent an escape of someone lawfully detained. (3) Prevent damage to property. (4) Quell a disturbance. (5) Overcome physical resistance to a lawful command. (6) To administer medical care that is deemed necessary for health of inmate or others.

Front 9

How do you define the term objective reasonableness?

Back 9

This is used to evaluate the appropriateness of an officer's response to a subject's resistance. The reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene would respond, rather than from the 20/20 perspective of hindsight. Courts look at the facts and circumstances known to the officer when the incident occurred.

Front 10

What is needed for an officer to have the authority to use force?

Back 10

A law enforcement officer's authority to use force is established by the officer's reasonable belief that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed. Absent this belief, known as reasonable suspicion, a police officer has no authority over a subject, and thus no permission to use any amout of force at all.

Front 11

Define compliance.

Back 11

Is the verbal and/or physical yielding to an officer's authority without apparent threat of resistance or violence.

Front 12

Define escalation.

Back 12

Is the increasing use of force or resistance.

Front 13

Define de-escelation.

Back 13

Is the decreasing use of force or resistance.

Front 14

Define disengagement.

Back 14

Is discontinuing a command or physical use of force, for example by breaking away from a subject.

Front 15

How does the injury potential to an officer affect his/her response?

Back 15

Officers are legally permitted to escalate their use of force as the subject escalates his or her level of resistance. The officer's choices are determiend by the subject's actions and the risk of physical harm posed to the officer or others.

Front 16

What is the purpose of Force Guidelines?

Back 16

They provide a framework for making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by police officers. The Force Guidelines are derived from constitutional considerations and case law and describes appropriate decision making in a fluid and dynamic situation.

Front 17

What is passive resistance?

Back 17

Is a subject's verbal and/or physical refusal to comply with an officer's lawful direction causing the officer to use physical techniques to establish control.

Front 18

What is active resistance?

Back 18

Is a subject's use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer such as bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject.

Front 19

What is agressive resistance?

Back 19

Is a subject's attacking movements toward an officer that may cause injury but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Front 20

What is deadly force resistance?

Back 20

Is a subject's hostile, attacking movements with or without a weapon that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Front 21

Define physical control.

Back 21

Is achieving compliance or custody through the use of empty-hand or leverage enhanced techniques, such as pain compliance, transporters, restraint devices, takedowns, and striking techniques.

Front 22

What constitutes a nonlethal weapon?

Back 22

A weapon that is not fundamentally designed to cause death or great bodily harm. (Examples: Electronic control devices, Taser, Baton, Flashlights, Pepper Spray)

Front 23

What constitutes deadly force?

Back 23

A force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm. Examples include use of a firearm, eye gouges, empty handed strikes to the throat, and impact weapon strikes to the side of the neck.

Front 24

What must an officer based their decision on when using deadly force?

Back 24

Must base it on a clear, reasonable belief that he or she, a fellow officer, or another person, faces imminent danger of death or great bodily harm.

Front 25

What three criteria do officer's use for making deadly force decisions?

Back 25

Ability (subject having the means to carry out his/her intent to cause death or great bodily harm), opportunity (Subject is actually capable of carrying out an intention to cause death or great bodily harm...a subject wielding a knife far away may not be an immediate threat to an officer) , and intent (A reasonably perceived imminent threat to an officer or another person based on the subject's actions, behaviors, words, or other indicators. A perception derived from the totality of the circumstances.)

Front 26

How does the court utilize the "totality of the circumstances" when evaluating a use of force decision by an officer?

Back 26

Totality of the circumstances refers to all facts and circumstances known to an officer at the time or reasonably perceived by the officer. This includes consideation of the subject's form of resistance, all reasonably perceived factors that may have an effect on the situation, and the response options available to an officer.

Front 27

What situational factors does the court consider when evaluating an officer's use of force decision?

Back 27

Severity of crime; Was subject an immediate threat; Subject's mental or psychiatric history if known to officer; Subjects violent history if known to officer; Subject's combative skills; Subject's access to weapons; Potential of innocent bystanders to be harmed; Number of subjects versus number of officers; Duration of the confrontation; Subject's and officer's size, weight, age, and physical condition; Environmental factors such as type of terrain or weather.

Front 28

What is survival stress?

Back 28

Is stress caused by hormonal changes brought on by a perception of danger. The hormones cause an elevated heart rate that affects an officer's cognitive decision making skills.

Front 29

What is posturing?

Back 29

Acting like you are going to resist through verbal or physical cues. Acting like a "Peacock".

Front 30

What physiological changes occur when experiencing survival stress?

Back 30

The heart rate and respiration increase. Vascular flow moves away from the extremeties. The body pulls the blood way from the arms and legs into the torso. This keeps the blood near vital organs in case of emergency and also protects the arms and legs from losing too much blood in case of injury. Hearing also becomes diminished.

Front 31

Define auditory exclusion.

Back 31

Your hearing becomes diminished when you experience survival stress.

Front 32

What motor performance changes take place when experiencing survival stress?

Back 32

There is a loss of fine motor skills at a heart rate of approximately 115 beats per minute. There is a loss of complex motor skills at a heart rate of 145 beats per minute. Gross motor skills are enhanced as the heart rate reaches 150 beats per minute. Catastrophic motor skill breakdown occurs when the heart rate exceeds 175 beats per minute.

Front 33

Define fine motor skills.

Back 33

This refers to the muscle control required to make small, precise movements, such as unlocking handcuffs with a key.

Front 34

Define complex motor skills.

Back 34

Complex motor skills combine fine and gross motor skills using hand and eye coordination timed to a single event.

Front 35

Define gross motor skills.

Back 35

Are the movements of the large or major muscles of the body such as running, punching, or kicking.

Front 36

What is binocular vision?

Back 36

A survival stress reaction in which both eyes remain open and it is very difficult to close just one eye.

Front 37

What visual changes occur while experiencing survival stress?

Back 37

Binocular vision (both eyes remain open) may occur. There is a loss of peripheral vision and depth perception (tunnel vision). There is a loss of near vision (becomes nearly impossible to focus).

Front 38

What cognitive function changes occur while experiencing survival stress?

Back 38

The cognitive brain, the part that logically thinks and plans, begins to shut down at 145 beats per minute. Decision making is inhibited. The more choices you have, the slower you are to make a decision. Reaction time increases.

Front 39

Define cognitive brain.

Back 39

Is the part of the brain that logically thinks and plans.

Front 40

What are the different states of readiness and awareness?

Back 40

(1) Condition White-unaware that a threat exists. (2) Condition Yellow-General awareness of possible threats. (3) Condition Orange-Recognition that a threat exists. (4) Condition Red- Specific threat identified and appropriate actions taken. (5) Condition Black-Threat mismanaged due to panicked stress response.

Front 41

What is the desired state of readiness/awareness for an officer while on duty?

Back 41

The desired state of awareness and readiness of an officer while on duty is Condition Yellow.

Front 42

What is critical incident amnesia?

Back 42

After a stressful situation, a temporary condition that causes difficulty in transferring information into long term memory.

Front 43

What are some methods for controlling the effects of survival stress?

Back 43

(1) Pre-plan-call upon their physical and metnal training. (2) Stay physically fit. (3) Use deep breathing techniques. (4) Rely on gross motor movements over fine and complex motor skills. (5) Be prepared for resistance with every subject encounter. (6) Maintain proficiency in physical skills.

Front 44

What are the fundamental principles of applying defensive tactics?

Back 44

(1) Balance; (2) Balance Displacement; (3) Leverage; (4) Pain Compliance; (4) Mechanical Compliance; (5) Joint Manipulation; (6) Motor Dysfunction; (7) Fluid Shock Principle.

Front 45

Define balance.

Back 45

Your head must be over your hips and your hips must be over or between your feet.

Front 46

Define balance displacement.

Back 46

A controlling technique used to break the subject's balance through the use of leverage principles.

Front 47

Define leverage.

Back 47

Is using a great force against a weaker resistance. It is used in conjunction with joint manipulation and/or pain and mechanical compliance in order to gain control.

Front 48

Define pain compliance.

Back 48

Is a subject's response to a combination of pain and verbal commands to stop resisting.

Front 49

Define mechanical compliance.

Back 49

Occurs by applying pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement of the joint is possible causing the subject to comply with verbal direction.

Front 50

Define joint manipulation.

Back 50

Gaining control by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will cause pain or discomfort to the joint.

Front 51

Define motor dysfunction.

Back 51

Gaining compliance by using an incapacitation technique that causes temporary impairment of muscular control.

Front 52

What is fluid shock principle?

Back 52

Occurs when the striking object stays on or indented in the target for an instant allowing for a full transfer of kinetic energy. This type of strike displaces the water content in the muscle and penetrates the nerves within, creating a shock wave. The effect on the subject is therefore greatly multiplied.

Front 53

Why is it important for an officer to conduct a theat assessment?

Back 53

An officer's assessment of a perceived threat is critical for safety and influences his or her actions when dealing with a situation. The more information an officer has, the better prepared he or she will be to assess the situation. All factors, whether obvious or not, should be considered when assessing threats.

Front 54

What are some examples of verbal cues that may indicate the possibility of a subject becoming aggressive?

Back 54

Verbal cues may include abnormal stuttering, serious and specific swearing, and specific verbal threats.

Front 55

What are some examples of non-verbal cues that may indicate the possibility of a subject becoming aggressive?

Back 55

Increased breathing and pulse rates; Cessation of of all movement; Clenched fists and quivering hands; Refusal to show palm of hands; Reddened or flushed face; Expanding veins on face or forearms; Shifting of shoulders or stance; Target glance; Ignoring the officer; Rapid and Angry movements.

Front 56

Define excited delirium.

Back 56

Is a state of extreme mental and psychological excitement characterized by exceptional agitation and hyperactivity, overheating, excessive tearing of the eyes, hostility, superhuman strength, aggression, acute paranoia, and endurance without apparent fatigue.

Front 57

What does officer presence mean?

Back 57

Is your ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that you are able to and ready to take control. Officer presence is your first response to any situation. By simply arriving on scene an officer affects a subject or situation.

Front 58

What is command presence?

Back 58

Is the way you carry yourself. A good command presence projects an image of confidence in your skills and abilities to perform the task at hand. Personal appearance, erect posture, and alertness and attention to surroundings are important aspects of command presence.

Front 59

What must an officer do to be in the proper interview stance?

Back 59

(1) Stand with head, hips, and feet aligned. (2) Place your feet shoulder width apart with the knees slightly bent. (3) Angle your body to the subject with the strong side (gun) away. (4) Place your hands above waist level.

Front 60

What must an officer do to be in the proper offensive ready stance?

Back 60

(1) Stand with your head, hips, and feet aligned. (2) Plant your feet slightly wider than shoulder width apart with the knees in a deep crouch. (3) Your body is angled to the subject with the strong side away. (4) Place your hands at your face level and towards your center.

Front 61

What is relative positioning?

Back 61

Describes an officer's position in relation to the subject.

Front 62

Define body movement.

Back 62

Refers to how to approach a subject or enter a scene.

Front 63

What is the slide step?

Back 63

Is used when preparing to engage or disengage from a subject in close proximity. (Step with your lead foot and slide with trailing foot forward. Keep your feet shoulder length apart.)

Front 64

What is the reactionary gap?

Back 64

It is the distance you must keep between you and the subject in order to react effectively against a sudden threat. 6-9 feet if you have visual control of subject's hands...25 feet when you can't see their hands.

Front 65

What constitutes the danger zone?

Back 65

The area within the reactionary gap. Anytime an officer is in the danger zone the potential for physical harm increases.

Front 66

How is visual control defined?

Back 66

Visual control of the hands is the ability to see both the subject's hands and to know that those hands hold no weapons.

Front 67

What are the steps that should be taken to appropriately demonstrate a hand clearing technique?

Back 67

(1) Maintain an appropriate reactionary gap. (2) Visually scan the area for potential threats. (3) Assume an appropriate stance. (4) Identify yourself as an officer. (5) Use clear, concise verbal commands. (6) Tell subject to expose both palms.

Front 68

What is the reaction time principle?

Back 68

It is the amount of time it takes for the brain to process a physical threat and for the body to respond.

Front 69

Define evasion.

Back 69

Is simply shifting your body or side stepping to avoid the attack.

Front 70

What is redirection?

Back 70

Is using the hands to move the subject away.

Front 71

What steps are involved in properly demonstrating evasion techniques?

Back 71

(1) Assume offensive ready stance. (2) Sidestep the direct line of attack. (3) Face the subject. (4) As subject passes face the subject while maintaining offensive ready staqnce. (5) Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout. (6) Follow up with an appropriate technique.

Front 72

What steps are involved in properly demonstrating redirection techniques?

Back 72

(1) Assume offensive ready stance. (2) Sidestep direct line of attack. (3) As subject passes redirect by pushing. (4) Maintain offensive ready stance. (5) Use loud, clear verbal communication throughout. (6) Follow up with an appropriate technique.

Front 73

Define direct line of attack.

Back 73

Simply means the direction that the subject comes from.

Front 74

Define communication.

Back 74

Is the exchanging of information through verbal and nonverbal methods whihc provides valuable insight into the likelihood of cooperation and compliance of a subject.

Front 75

Define dialogue.

Back 75

Is a controlled, nonemotional communication between an officer and a subject aimed at problem solving and communication. Used as a strategy, dialogue is intentioally designed to gain rapport and exchange information.

Front 76

Define verbal direction.

Back 76

Is the use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a subject know what you need or expect him or her to do.

Front 77

Define touch.

Back 77

Is a nonthreatening, noncustodial physical contact and can be usd to support or emphasize a verbal command.

Front 78

Define pressure points.

Back 78

Techniques used to control resistant behavior by utilizing pain compliance. Pressure or leverage is applied using a fingertip or thumb tip to a target nerve, joint, or sensitive area causing pain and compliance to verbal direction.

Front 79

What are the two main components of pressure point techniques?

Back 79

(1) Touch pressure-touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger or thumb until the subject complies. (2) Stabilization-Immobilizing the subject's head so the subject can't move or escap.

Front 80

How should an officer properly utilize a pressure point technique?

Back 80

As soon as the subject complies by obeying your commands release pressure to stop the pain. Applying pressure longer than 3-5 seconds may result in an adreline surge or other survival stress response.

Front 81

Define escort position.

Back 81

Is a technique used to move a subject from one point to another without using pain compliance.

Front 82

What are transporters?

Back 82

Transporters (come-along holds) are techniques used to move a subject from one point to another with pain compliance and/or mechanical compliance.

Front 83

What are some examples of escort and transporter techniques?

Back 83

Escort position; Bent wrist; finger lock; hammer lock; and shoulder lock.

Front 84

Define restraint devices.

Back 84

Are tools designed to temporarily restrain a subject's movements.

Front 85

Define handcuffs.

Back 85

Are temporary restraining devices used frequently to control a subject.

Front 86

What are the key parts of a handcuff and where are they located?

Back 86

Double lock activator; Key End; Cheek Plate; Key Way; Swivel; Chain; Double Lock; Pawl; Double Strand; Single Strand; Teeth. (Consult pg. 227 for picture of handcuff)

Front 87

What steps should be taken by an officer to demonstrate proper handcuffing technique?

Back 87

(1) Visually inspect and direct the subject into a prepatory position for handcuffing. (2) Approach the subject. (3) Draw handcuffs from holster. (4) Place one handcuff on one wrist. (5) Place other handcuff on other wrist. (6) Check for tightness. (7) Double lock handcuff. (8) Search the subject. (9) Use loud, clear verbal communication throughout.

Front 88

Define search.

Back 88

A goverment intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Front 89

What three search techniques are typically used in the defensive tactics context?

Back 89

Pat down, custodial, and inmate.

Front 90

What constitutes a pat down?

Back 90

Is a physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons. Must have reasonable suspicion that suspect is armed to conduct a pat down.

Front 91

What constitutes reasonable suspicion?

Back 91

Facts or circumstances which reasonably indicate that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law.

Front 92

Define plain feel doctrine.

Back 92

Under the plain feel doctrine an officer may seize any object whose contour or mass he or she identifies as apparent contraband. An officer may only pat down the outside of the clothing for weapons.

Front 93

Define custodial search technique.

Back 93

Is used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment. This is a complete search of the subject.

Front 94

How should a custodial search be conducted?

Back 94

A custodial search of a subject should be done in a systematic and predetermined patter using the quadrant search approach. This approach divides the body into four sections horizontally and vertically.

Front 95

Define blocks.

Back 95

Are reactionary techniques using the arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect an impending strike from a subject to areas of the body. Blocks can be utilized to defend the upper area, mid area, and low area of the body.

Front 96

What is the empty-hand striking technique?

Back 96

Is any impact technique using hands, arms, elbows, feet, legs, knees, or head to strike subject in an offensive or defensive situation.

Front 97

What are some target areas for empty hand strikes?

Back 97

Front of Shoulder; Top of Forearm; Inside of Forearm; Outside of Thigh; Inside of Thigh; Center of Abdomen; Top of Calf; Chest; Side of Neck; Head; Throat (Deadly Force); Eyes (if gouging = deadly force); Groin.

Front 98

What are some striking techniques?

Back 98

There are two methods of delivering strikes: penetration and snap back. There are two different types of strikes: swinging or thrusting.

Front 99

What is a "snap-back" type of strike?

Back 99

A strike using a snap back delivery method is retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up the next technique, and causing distraction.

Front 100

Define distraction.

Back 100

Is a techique that interrupts the subject's concentration so that energy is redirected from the current focus.

Front 101

What are the types of strikes and kicking techniques covered within this text?

Back 101

Palm heel strike; Punches; Hammer fist strike; Elbow strike; Forearm strike; Knee strike; backfist strike; Front kick; Back kick; Side kick; and Angle kick.

Front 102

What are some strikes that would be more appropriate in certain situations as distractions?

Back 102

Head butt, foot stomp, shin scrape, or knucke strike.

Front 103

Define head butt.

Back 103

A distraction technique that inflicts pain and temporarily diverts a subject's attention, redirecting the physical power of the subject's attack.

Front 104

Define foot stomp and shin scrape.

Back 104

A foot stomp is a distraction technique that inflicts pain and temporarily diverts a subject's attention, redirecting the physical power of the subject's attack.

Front 105

Define takedown.

Back 105

Are techniques used to bring a resisting subject from a standing position to the ground making it easier to control him.

Front 106

What are the different types of takedown techniques covered in this text?

Back 106

Straight arm takedown; Hammerlock takedown; Shoulder lock takedown; Outside wrist takedown; Inside wrist takedown.

Front 107

Define grappling.

Back 107

Is the use of body mechanics to leverage or control a subject.

Front 108

Define vascular neck restraint.

Back 108

Is a physical restraint compressing certain veins and arteries in the neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness for a brief period of time.

Front 109

What is the purpose of falling techniques?

Back 109

Falling properly reduces the potential for injury and minimizes the stunning effect associated with falling, so you can assume an effective defensive position.

Front 110

What is posting?

Back 110

Posting is supporting the balance of the body using a limb.

Front 111

What is shrimping?

Back 111

The movement during a hip escape from side to side while avoiding or defending an attack.

Front 112

What is the supine position?

Back 112

When you are lying on your back face up.

Front 113

What is the prone position?

Back 113

When you are lying on your stomach face down.

Front 114

Define stalling.

Back 114

Is a tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until you physically recover or reassess the situation, or backup arrives.

Front 115

What are intermediate weapons?

Back 115

Are tools used when empty handed control is ineffective, but the subject's level of resistance does not merit deadly force. Though intermediate weapons may cause death or great bodily harm, they are not fundamentally designed to do so. (Example-Baton, Taser, Pepper Spray).

Front 116

Define impact weapon.

Back 116

Any object used for striking. They may disable or cause temporary motor dysfunction.

Front 117

Define temporary motor dysfunction.

Back 117

Is a type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control, such as a charley horse.

Front 118

Define weapons of opportunity.

Back 118

Any item an officer has at ahnd that may be used as a potential impact weapon when needed...broomstick, flashlight, clipboard, ect.

Front 119

What is an interview stance with an impact weapon?

Back 119

A low profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg.

Front 120

What is an offensive ready stance with an impact weapon?

Back 120

Is a high profile stance with the weapon held at a shoulder position to enable a rapid strike.

Front 121

What are some specific target areas for striking with an impact weapon?

Back 121

Front of shoulder; Top of forearm; Inside of forearm; Outside of thigh; Inside of thigh; Center of abdomen; Top of calf; Side of neck (deadly force); Throat (deadly force);Groin (deadly force).

Front 122

What are the most common techniques using an impact weapon?

Back 122

Impact weapon thrusts, impact weapon swings, and impact weapon blocks.

Front 123

What are electronic control (immobilization) devices (ECD)?

Back 123

Are weapons that utilize a battery powered current of electricity. These devices control a subject throuhg an artificial contraction of the muscles which may cause extreme muscular tension ad complete structural dysfunction.

Front 124

What are the two types of chemical agents used by police?

Back 124

Oleo-resin capsicum (OC) and orthochlorobenzal-malononitrile (CS). OC is preferred by police.

Front 125

Define pepper spray.

Back 125

OC, commonly called pepper spray, is an inflammatory agent that causes tearing and involuntary closing of the eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and a sensation of respiratory distress. The skin will turn red to the inflammation and show mild signs of puffiness. Effects generally wear off in 20-40 minutes.

Front 126

What is the active ingredient in oleo capsicum?

Back 126

Oleo-resin capsicum is a natural derivative of cayenne pepper. The active ingredient in OC is known as capsaicin which produces the heat felt when it makes contact with human tissue.

Front 127

Define Scoville Heat Units.

Back 127

The heat value of capsicum is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU).

Front 128

What are some of the physical effects of using a chemical agent on a subject?

Back 128

When OC enters the eyes it causes them to involuntarily close. The subject will feel an intense burning sensation adn the capillaries of the eyes will dilate, causing the eyes to appear bloodshot. If inhaled will cause coughing and gasping. May cause gagging and even vomiting. The nasal cavity will also swell causing significant discharge of mucus and sneezing.

Front 129

What steps should be taken if subject has severe reaction to chemical agent used?

Back 129

Immediately seek medical attention. Stabilize the subject, maintain an open airway, and assure continous breathing and proper circulation.

Front 130

What are the proper decontamination procedures to be followed?

Back 130

Whenever a subject is contaminated the officer should follow the decontamination procedures as prescribed by agency policy. This should take place as soons as subject is under control. Officer should not leave a contaminated person unattended while effects are still evident.

Front 131

What is strobing?

Back 131

Is the act of forcefully blinking the eyes using all the muscles in the face, including those in the forehead. This blinking helps clear the vision and activates the tear ducts. Never wipe or rub eyes with fingers.

Front 132

How does breathing help in the process of physical decontamination?

Back 132

A rythmic inhale through the mouth and then a forceful exhale through the nose will cause the mucuous glands to begin working and the nose to run. This will clear the nasal passages and sinuses of mucus containing contaminated particles.

Front 133

Are there any absolute antidotes for chemical agents used by police?

Back 133

No, but decontamination solutions such as baby shampoo may decrease the effects.

Front 134

What are some keys to effectively disarming a subject of his handgun?

Back 134

Surprise; Don't telegraph your intentions; Action is faster than reaction; Use of verbal distraction; and Physical proximity. Your primary objective is to get the muzzle pointed in a different direction than toward you.

Front 135

What are some examples of empty handed techniques that would be considered the use of deadly force?

Back 135

Thumb strike to the throat or eyes; Elbow strike to temple, side of jaw, bridge of nose, back of head, throat; Eye gouge.